Estimate on the Dimension of Global Attractor for Nonlinear Higher-Order Coupled Kirchhoff Type Equations ()
1. Introduction
G. G. Lin and L. J., Hu have studied the existence of a global attractor for coupled Kirchhoff type equations with strongly linear damping in [1] . In this paper, we are concerned with the finite dimensions of the global attractor as mentioned above:
(1.1)
(1.2)
(1.3)
(1.4)
(1.5)
where
is a bounded domain in
with smooth boundary
,
is real number,
is positive integer.
and
are given functions later.
In demonstrating the longtime behavior of evolutional equation, we currently aim to show that the dynamics of the equation is finite dimensional. To be precise, one possible way to express it is to say that the dynamical systems of equation exists a global attractor with finite Hausdorff and Fractal dimensions.
Concerning the wave equation with linear and semi-linear dissipative system, existence of the global attractor with finite Hausdorff and Fractal dimensions is proved in [2] , for the nonlinear wave equation, the existence of the global attractor with finite Hausdorff and Fractal dimensions is proved in [3] [4] [5] . When the equation is nonlinear, the process of dimension estimation is more complicated. The method of linearization works very well on it, and meanwhile we take fully consideration of assumptions on the nonlinearities of the equation.
Recently, Z. J, Yang [6] studied the longtime behavior of the Kirchhoff type equation with strong damping on
. It showed that the related continuous semi-group
possesses a global attractor which is connected and has finite Fractal and Hausdorff dimensions.
(1.6)
At the same time, Z. J. Yang [7] dealt with the global attractors and their Hausdorff dimensions for a class of Kirchhoff models, and got the existence, regularity, and Hausdorff dimensions of global attractors for a class of Kirchhoff models arising in elastoplastic flow.
(1.7)
Furthermore, X. M. Fan and S. F. Zhou [8] proved the existence of compact kernel sections for the process generated by strongly damped wave equations of non-degenerate Kirchhoff type modelling the nonlinear vibrations of an elastic string, and they obtained a precise estimate of upper bound of Hausdorff dimension of kernel sections.
(1.8)
In addition, G. G. Lin and Y. L. Gao [9] studied the longtime behavior of solution to initial boundary value problem for a class of strongly damped higher-order Kirchhoff type equation:
(1.9)
they got the existence and uniqueness of the solution by the Galerkin method and obtained the existence of the global attractor in
according to the attractor theorem, besides, the estimation of the upper bound of Hausdorff dimension for the attractor was established.
The paper is arranged as follows. In Section 2, some preliminaries and main results are stated. In Section 3, in order to acquire the result of the estimation, we show the differentiability of semigroup. Eventually, the Hausdorff and Fractal dimensions of the global attractor for the dynamics system associated with problem (1.1)-(1.5) are discussed in detail.
2. Preliminaries and Main Results
Throughout this paper, we need some notations for convenience. We consider a family of Hilbert spaces
, whose inner products and norms are given by
and
. Obviously
we denote
For our purpose, we define a weighted inner product and norm in
by
with any
.
Next, we make the following assumptions for problem (1.1)-(1.5).
(A1)
is not decreasing function and for positive constants
,
1)
2)
(A2) There exists
, and for every
, there exist
,
such that
where
.
3. The Hausdorff and Fractal Dimensions of the Attractor
In order to obtain the result of the dimension estimation, we should prepare the following lemmas.
Lemma 3.1. ( [1] ) Suppose that the assumptions of [1] hold, the constants
and initial value
, then for the problem (1.1)-(1.5), there exists a unique weak solution such that
.
Lemma 3.2. ( [1] ) Suppose that
and
satisfy assumptions of [1] respectively. Then for
, the problem (1.1)-(1.5) possesses the global attractor
, which is compact among bounded absorbing set
in
, that is
this lemma is result on the existence of a global attractor of system (1.1)-(1.5) generated by semigroup
.
The first step will be to prove the differentiability of
. Denote
. In what follows, we put
for simplicity. The first variation equations of (1.1)-(1.5) as the following
(3.1)
(3.2)
(3.3)
(3.4)
where
,
,
,
is the solution of Equations (1.1)-(1.5) with
.
Given
, the solution
, by standard methods, we can prove that for any
, the linear initial boundary value problem (3.1)-(3.4) possesses a unique solution
.
Lemma 3.3. for any
, the mapping
is Frechet differentiable on
. Its differential at
is the linear operator on
.
(3.5)
where
is the solution of (3.1)-(3.4).
Proof. Let
,
with
,
, we denote
,
. First, we can prove a Lipschitz property of
on the bounded sets on
, that is
(3.6)
We now consider the difference
, with
the solution of (3.1)-(3.4), clearly,
(3.7)
(3.8)
(3.9)
where
, with
(3.10)
We have
(3.11)
due to
,
(3.12)
Similarly
(3.13)
Taking the scalar product of each side of (3.8)-(3.9) with
and
, and then we have
(3.14)
Because of
(3.15)
(3.16)
Taking the scalar product of right side of (3.16) with
, and then we obtain
which implies that
(3.17)
Analogously,
which means that
(3.18)
Taking (3.15)-(3.18) into (3.14), we have
(3.19)
Let
,
(3.20)
applying the Gronwall inequality and (3.6) we deduce from (3.20) that
(3.21)
This is equivalent to
(3.22)
and consequently
as
in
.
The differentiability of
is proved.
The next step will be used in demonstrating the process of dimension estimation. It seems obvious that the equations (1.1)-(1.2) also can be written as
(3.23)
(3.24)
Lemma 3.4. For any
, we have
. (3.25)
Proof. For any
, through the above definition, we get
(3.26)
By applying the Holder inequality, Young’s inequality and Poincare inequality, we deal with the terms in (3.26) by as follows
(3.27)
(3.28)
with
, and substituting (3.27)-(3.28) into (3.26), we obtain
(3.29)
The proof of lemma 3.4 is completed.
Consider the first variation equation of (3.23)
(3.30)
where
,
,
and
is a solution of (3.23),
.
(3.31)
(3.32)
(3.33)
Lemma 3.5. ( [2] ) Let there be given
, and
as above. Then for any
, and for any orthonormal family of elements of
,
, we have
(3.34)
where
is the eigenvalue of
.
Proof. This is a direct consequence for Lemma 6.3 of [2] .
Theorem 3.1. Let
be the global attractor of problem (1.1)-(1.5), then the Hausdorff dimension of global attractor
is less than or equal to
and its fractal dimension is less than or equal to
.
(3.35)
(3.36)
Proof. Let
be settled. Consider
solutions
of (3.30), and we memorize that
we see that
,
is the orthogonal projection in
onto the space spanned by
. At a given time
, let
, denote an orthonormal basis of
,
With respect to the scalar product
and norm
, we omit for the moment variable
,
By the Lemma 3.4, we have
(3.37)
(3.38)
By the assumption (H3) in [1] , the mean value theorem and the Sobolev embedding theorem
where
.
For
,
, we can easily obtain that
,
,
,
. (3.39)
For
,
, we have
,
,
,
. (3.40)
For
, there exist
, such that
,
,
,
(3.41)
where
is as in (3.36), then setting
(3.42)
(3.43)
let
,
(3.44)
If
,
(3.45)
and if
,
(3.46)
.
The proof of theorem 3.1 is completed.
Acknowledgements
The authors express their sincere thanks to the anonymous referee for his/her careful reading of the paper, giving valuable suggestions and comments, which have greatly improved the presentation of this paper.