Effects of Carpio Decoction on the Structure of Kidney in Rats with Adriamycin-Induced Nephrosis

Huaying Ning, Hui Wu, Xiaojian Tian, Yunliang Guo, Wei Shen, Xin Wang, Zhou Zhen

Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China.
Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China; Haihe Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China;Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University Medical College, Suzhou, China.
Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China;Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China..

DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.47A015                

Abstract

The aim of this study was to observe the effects of Cyprinus carpio decoction on the expression of aquaporins in rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy and to explore the therapeutic mechanism on nephrotic edema. Total of 50 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, fosinopril group, Cyprinus carpio decoction treated with high dose group and low dose group consisting of 10 rats respectively. Nephropathy models were established by injecting adriamycin through tail vein and treated with Cyprinus carpio decoction. Urinary protein excretions in 12 h, serum albumin, total serum protein, serum sodium and potassium were measured by biochemical assay. The pathological changes and the expression of AQP1, AQP2, AQP3 inrat kidneys were respectively detected by HE stain and immunohistochemiscal assay. The results indicated: 1) The urinary protein excretion in 12 h (proteinuria) increased significantly along the time longed modeling, while no significant increasing in Cyprinus carpio decoction treated group (F = 5.23 - 41.89, P < 0.05); 2) The serum albumin and total protein in model group were significantly lower than that in normal group, but that in Cyprinus carpio decoction treated group were higher than that in model group (F = 13.12 - 15.48, P < 0.05). The serum sodium and potassium in model group were higher than those in normal group, while that in Cyprinus carpio decoction treated group were higher than that in model group (F = 3.42 - 3.96, P < 0.05); 3) Renal glomerular capillaries congestive of group M rats were expansion. Glomerular mesangial cells and the basement membrane were diffuse hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration. Glomerular mesangial cells and the basement membrane of Cyprinus carpio decoction with interventing groups reduced proliferation, less inflammatory cell infiltration; 4) In model group, the expressions of AQP1-3 in the renal tubule and collecting duct cells increased significantly than those in normal group, and those in Cyprinus carpio decoction treated group decreased than those in model group (F = 3.97 - 6.19, P < 0.05). It is suggested that Cyprinus carpio decoction could reduced the urinary protein excretion and alleviate pathological lesion and edema with adriamycin-induced nephropathy by decreasing the expressions of AQPs in kidneys.

Keywords

Cyprinus carpio Decoction; Adriamycin Nephropathy; AQP1; AQP2; AQP3; Rats

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	S. J. Liu, Y. Gu, Y. R. Jiang, et al., “The Effect of Astragalus on Renal Aquporins of Adriamycin Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rats,” Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 11, 2004, pp. 627-630.
[2]	E. Beitz and J. E. Schultz, “The Mammalian Aquaporin Water Channel Family: A Promising New Drug Target,” Current Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 6, No. 6, 1999, pp. 457-467.
[3]	T. Bertani, A. Poggi, H. Pozzoni, et al., “AdriamycinInduced Nephrotic Syndrome in Rats: Sequence of Pathologic Events,” Laboratory Investigation, Vol. 46, No. 1, 1982, pp. 16-23.
[4]	W. N. Yang, L. H. Yu, S. W. Guo, et al., “Establishment of a Modified Model of Adriamycin Nephrosis in Rats,” Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences), Vol. 30, No. 4, 2009, pp. 45-448,452.
[5]	P. Yu, H. Bu, H. Wang, et al., “Comparative Study on Image Analysis and Manual Counting of Immunohistochemistry,” Journal of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2003, pp. 288-290.
[6]	Y. K. Luo, “Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine,” Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, Shanghai, 1990, p. 115.
[7]	L. F. Nie, D. B. Shao and X. B. Lin, “The Experience of Astragalus Carp Soup with Nephritic Syndrome,” Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1985, pp. 22-23.
[8]	Y. B. Wang, “Gold Carp Soup Treats Polyhydramnios for 46 Cases,” Jiangsu Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Vol. 24, No. 6, 2003, pp. 38-40.
[9]	Q. Y. He, “Carp Soup Treats Edema for 48 Cases,” Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2002, pp. 62-64.
[10]	H. Y. Yuan, Y. Zhang and D. Q. Hong, “Gold Carp Soup Treats Malignant Pleural Effusion and Ascites for 30 Cases,” Practical Journal of Medicine, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2004, pp. 345-347.
[11]	C. X. Gao and C. Y. Zhang, “Observation of Efficacy on 60 Cases of Gestational Edema Treated with Modified Liyu Baizhu Soup,” World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2009, pp. 123-124.
[12]	W. B. Hu, “The Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in the Treatment of Chronic Nephropathy Proteinuria: Clinical Observation of 20 Cases,” Forum on traditional Chinese Medicine, Vol. 14, No. 6, 1999, pp. 38-40.
[13]	D. M. Zhang, Z. H. Xu, L. Xin, et al., “The Expression of AQP1, AQP2, AQP3 in Renal Tissues of Glomerular Disease and Its Significance,” Chinese Journal of Immunology, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2009, pp. 84-86.
[14]	F. Umenishi, T. Narikiyo and R. W. Schrier, “Hypertonic Induction of Aquaporin-1 Water Channel Independent of Transcellular Osmotic Gradient,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 325, No. 2, 2004, pp. 595-599. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.076
[15]	F. Umenishi, S. Yoshihara, T. Narikiyo, et al., “Modulation of Hypeitonicity-Induced Aquaporin-1 by Sodium Chloride, Urea, Betaine, and Heat Shock in Murine Renal Medullary Cells,” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2005, pp. 600-607. doi:10.1681/ASN.2004030241
[16]	M. Hara-Chikuma and A. S. Verkman, “Aquaporin-1 Facilitates Epithelial Cell Migration in Kidney Proximal Tubule,” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2006, pp. 39-45. doi:10.1681/ASN.2005080846
[17]	C. L. Chou, M. A. Knepper, A. N. Van Hoek, et al., “Reduced Water Permeability and Altered Ultrastructure in Thin Dascending Limb of Henle in Aquaprinl Null Mice,” Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol. 103, No. 4, 1999, pp. 491-496.
[18]	M. Kuwahara, T. Asait, Y. Terada, et al., “The C-Terminal Tail of Aquaporin-2 Determines Apical Trafficking,” Kidney International, Vol. 68, No. 5, 2005, pp. 19992009. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00654.x
[19]	S. Nielsin, T. H. Kwon, J. Frekiaar, et al., “Key Roles of Renal Aquaporins in Water Chalance and Water-Chalance Disorders,” News in Physiological Science, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2000, pp. 136-143.
[20]	H. Liu and E. M. Wintour, “Aquaporins in Development—A Review,” Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2005, pp. 18-28. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-3-18
[21]	B. M. Christensen, W. Wang and J. Frokiaer, “Axial Heterogeneity in Basolateral AQP2 Localization in Rat Kidney: Effect of Vasopressin,” American Journal of Physiology—Renal Physiology, Vol. 284, No. 4, 2003, pp. F701-F717.
[22]	C. A. Ecelbarger, J. Terris, C. T. Frimdt, et al., “Aquaporin-3 Water Channel Location and Regulationin Rat Kidney,” American Journal of Physiology, Vol. 269, No. 5, 1995, pp. 663-672.
[23]	T. Ma, Y. Song, B. Yang, et al., “Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in Mice Lacking Aquaporin-3 Water Channels,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 97, No. 8, 2000, pp. 43864391. doi:10.1073/pnas.080499597
[24]	S. L. Chen, “Aquaporin Protein and Kidney Disease,” Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 43, No. 9, 2005, pp. 711-713.