Mapping Contaminants Associated with Autism: A Public Health Pilot in New Jersey

Erin Speiser Ihde¹, Themba Nyirenda², Aridaman K. Jain³, Ji Meng Loh³, Francisco Artigas⁴, Christine Hobble⁴, Dom Elefante⁴, Saleh Kojak⁴, Jin Young Shin⁴, Lawrence Rosen¹

¹The Deirdre Imus Environmental Health Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, USA.
²Department of Research, David & Alice Jurist Institute for Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, USA.
³Department of Mathematical Sciences, NJ Institute of Technology, Newark, USA.
⁴Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute, New Jersey Meadowlands Commission, Lyndhurst, USA.

DOI: 10.4236/jgis.2014.66058                

Abstract

The rise in reported prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is a national concern that continues to grow at a record pace. New Jersey has the highest prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) among states surveyed, with approximately 1 in 45 children diagnosed. The pilot study focused on toxins potentially linked to autism: arsenic, lead, manganese, mercury, organophosphate pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride. In northern NJ there were approximately 4600 Known Contaminated Sites (KCSNJ) where these toxins were detected. A total of 269,790 sample detections were identified. Our objective was to identify and map these sites, and identify methods by which more robust contaminant data could be collected and analyzed. This study resulted in eight original maps showing sample detections. These maps will aid researchers and public health advocates in future analyses exploring links between autism and these toxins. Concentrations of multiple toxins associated with ASDs were most dense near urban industrial or mixed residential/industrial areas, though no conclusions can be made regarding association or causality between the sample detections and autism. Based in part on this study, NJDEP has made and will continue to make improvements to contaminant data collection systems.

Keywords

ASD, Autism, Contaminant, Neurodevelopmental, Toxin

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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