Preparation of Microcapsules Containing Aqueous Solution of Azur B with Melting Dispersion Cooling Method and Application to DNA Amplification Detector

Yoshinari Taguchi, Ryohei Yamamoto, Natsukaze Saito, Masato Tanaka

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.

DOI: 10.4236/jeas.2014.41003                

Abstract

Microcapsules containing the aqueous solution of Azur B of a water soluble dye were prepared with the melting dispersion cooling method and applied to the amplification detector of plant DNA. Paraffin wax with melting temperature of 75°C was used as the shell material. In the experiment, the aqueous solution (W) of Azur B as the core material was dispersed in the melted paraffin wax (O) to form the (W/O) emulsion and then, the (W/O) emulsion was dispersed in the silicon oil (O’) as the continuous phase to form the (W/O)/O’ emulsion at 85°C. After formation of the (W/O)/O’ emulsion, the microcapsules were prepared by cooling the (W/O)/O’ emulsion to 50°C. The microcapsules were prepared by changing the concentration of oil soluble surfactant in the (W/O) emulsion and the volume of the (W/O) emulsion in the (W/O)/O’ emulsion. The microencapsulation efficiency increased with the concentration of oil soluble surfactant and finally became 100% under the optimum conditions. Furthermore, the microcapsules were melted down at temperature of 85°C to reveal the sharp thermal responsibility and to release the aqueous solution of Azur B. As a result, it was found that the microcapsules were able to be applied to the amplification detector of plant DNA by utilizing the reaction between DNA and Azur B.

Keywords

Microcapsules; Azur B; DNA Amplification Detector; Melting Dispersion Cooling Method; Multiple Emulsion

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Kondo, T. (1967) Microencapsulation Technique. ETS, Tokyo.
[2]	Tanaka, M. (2008) Key Point of Preparation of Nano/Microcapsules. Techno System Publishing Co. Ltd., Tokyo.
[3]	Shirokawa, K., Taguchi, Y., Yokoyama, H., Ono, F. and Tanaka, M. (2013) Preparation of Temperature and Water Responsive Microcapsules Containing Hydroquinone with Spray Drying Method. Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 3, 49-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcdsa.2013.33A2012
[4]	Yuan, L., Gu, A., Nutt, S., Wu, J., Lin, C., Chen, F. and Liang, G. (2013) Novel Polyphenylene Oxide Microcapsules Filled with Epoxy Resins. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 24, 81-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.3053
[5]	Zhu, D.Y., Rong, M.Z. and Zhang, M.Q. (2013) Preparation and Characterization of Multiayered Microcapsule-Like Microreacter for Self-Healing Polymers. Polymer, 54, 4227-4236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.014
[6]	Sakai, K., Fuchigami, K., Taguchi, Y. and Tanaka, M. (2007) Microencapsulation of Aqueous Solution of Hardening Agent for Adhesive Based on Starch. Nippon Setchaku Gakkaishi, 43, 13-19.
[7]	Taguchi, Y. and Tanaka, M. Microencapsulation of Ascorbic Acid as Redox Initiator with Tripalmitin. International Journal of Material Science, In Press.
[8]	Fuchigami, K., Taguchi, Y. and Tanaka, M. (2006) Preparation of Microcapsules Containing Reactive Compound by the Drying-in-Liquid Method Using Calcium Carbonate as Stabilizer. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 39, 994-999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.39.994
[9]	Sawatari, N., Fukuda, M., Taguchi, Y. and Tanaka, M. (2005) Composite Polymer Particles with a Gradated Resin-Composition by Suspension Polymerization. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 97, 682-690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21823
[10]	Xiao, J.X., Huang, G.Q., Wang, S.Q. and Sun, Y.T. (2014) Microencapsulation of Capsanthin by Soybean Protein Isolate-Chitosan Coacervation and Microcapsule Stability Evaluation. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 131, 39671-39677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.39671
[11]	Chen, H. and Zhong, Q. (2014) Processes Improving the Dispersibility of Spray-Dried Zein Nanoparticles Using Sodium Caseinate. Food Hydrocolloids, 35, 358-366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.06.012
[12]	Guo, L., Yuan, W., Lu Z. and Li, C.M. (2013) Polymer/Nanosilver Composite Coatings for Antibacterial Applications. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 439, 69-83.
[13]	Takahashi, T., Taguchi, Y. and Tanaka, M. (2005) Preparation of Polyurea Microcapsules Containing Pyrethroid Insecticide with Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Uretidione and Isocyanurate. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 38, 929-936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.38.929
[14]	Sophocleous, A.M., Desai, K.G., Mazzara, J.M., Tong, L., Cheng, J.X., Olsen K.F. and Schwendeman, S.P. (2013) The Nature of Peptide Interactions with Acid End-Group PLGAs and Facile Aqueous-Based Microencapsulation of Therapeutic Peptides. Journal of Controlled Release, 172, 662-670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.295
[15]	Xia, Y., Ribeiro, P.F. and Pack, D.W. (2013) Controlled Protein Release from Monodisperse Biodegradable Double-Wall Microspheres of Controllable Shell Thickness. Journal of Controlled Release, 172, 707-714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.009
[16]	Yokoyama, H., Taguchi, Y. and Tanaka, M. (2008) Effect of Viscosity of Shell Solution on the Content of Solid Powder as Core Material in Microencapsulation by the Drying-in-Liquid Method. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 109, 1585-1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.24765
[17]	Gui, R., Wang, Y. and Sun, J. (2014) Encapsulating Magnetic and Fluorescent Mesoporous Silica into Thermosensitive Chitosan Microspheres for Cell Imaging and Controlled Drug Release in Vitro. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 113, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.08.015
[18]	Vivek, R., Babu, V.N., Thangam, R., Subramanian, K.S. and Kannan, S. (2013) pH-Responsive Drug Delivery of Chitosan Nanoparticles as Tamoxifen Carriers for Effective Anti-Tumor Activity in Breast Cancer Cells. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 111, 117-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.05.018
[19]	Lay, C.L., Kumar, J.N., Liu, C.K., Lu X. and Liu, Y. (2013) A Rocket-Like Encapsulation and Delivery System with Two-Stage Booster Layers: pH-Responsive Poly(Methacrylic Acid)/Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Complex-Coated Hollow Silica Vesicles. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 34, 1563-1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201300529
[20]	Chan, G. and Mooney, D.J. (2013) Ca2+ Released from Calcium Alginate Gels Can Promote Inflammatory Responses in Vitro and in Vivo. Acta Biomaterialia, 9, 9281-9291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.002
[21]	Notomi, T., Okayama, H., Masubuchi, H., Yonekawa, T., Watanabe, K., et al. (2000) Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 28, 63-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.12.e63
[22]	Okuda, M., Matsumoto, M. and Tanaka, Y. (2005) Characterization of the tufB-secE-nusG-rp/KAJL-rpoB Gene Cluster of the Citrus Greening Organism and Detection by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Plant Disease, 89, 705-711.