TITLE:
Prevalence of Adverse Drug Reactions to Second Line Anti Tuberculosis Drugs in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
AUTHORS:
Abideen Adedayo Ganiyu, Yohanna Kambai Avong, Akinwumi Akinyede, Olusoji Mayowa Ige, Osman El tayeb, Fatai Taleatu, Ayobami Omayeka, Victor Babawale, Ibrahim Oreagba
KEYWORDS:
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis, ADR, Risk Factors, Prevalence
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Tuberculosis Research,
Vol.9 No.2,
June
24,
2021
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Multidrug resistant
tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is treated with second line antituberculosis
drugs. These drugs are notorious for inflicting serious adverse drug reactions
(ADRs), which many studies have shown causes a wide range of economic and
health problems including death. Aim: The
study examined the prevalence of ADRs, associated risk factors, socio-demographic
association and outcomes among patients treated for MDR-TB at a comprehensive
tuberculosis treatment center in Nigeria. Method: The
study was conducted at the Government Chest Hospital, Jericho, Ibadan. We
applied a retrospective assessment of patient treatment data and ADRs reports stored at the study
site from March 2013 and February 2016. Subsequently, a prospective study of
ADRs was conducted on patients admitted into the same hospital. Causality
relationship between the drugs and the reported ADRs was determined with a specially validated tool. The outcomes assessed include recovery from the ADRs, death and permanent deafness from the ADRs. Extracted data were analyzed using SPSS
version 22.0. Risk Ratio was calculated for the influence of risk factors for
adverse drug reactions. Logistic regression was performed to test for the
strength of relationships between risk factors and incidence of ADRs among
patients. Result: Almost all the participants in this
study reported adverse drug reaction [99% (118/119)]. However, ototoxicity was
the most prevalent ADR (35.3%), followed by electrolyte imbalance (12.6%), gastrointestinal track (10.1%) and psychiatric disorders (10.1%). Being older
than 35 years and HIV negative or having a healthy BMI were not significant
risk factors for developing ADRs. Duration
of ADR above one month was significantly associated with the outcome of ADR. Conclusion: Ototoxicity, electrolyte imbalance, psychiatric disorders and gastrointestinal
tract problems were the most frequently reported ADRs. Healthcare providers, government and donor agencies supporting the treatment should ensure that hearing aids
and other forms of support are readily made available for the affected
patients.