TITLE:
Teacher Self-Efficacy and Collective Teacher Efficacy: Relations with Perceived Job Resources and Job Demands, Feeling of Belonging, and Teacher Engagement
AUTHORS:
Einar M. Skaalvik, Sidsel Skaalvik
KEYWORDS:
Teacher Self-Efficacy, Collective Teacher Efficacy, Teacher Engagement, Belonging, Job Resources
JOURNAL NAME:
Creative Education,
Vol.10 No.7,
July
10,
2019
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to explore how
collective teacher efficacy and teacher self-efficacy were related to teachers’
perceptions of job resources and job demands in the working environment at
school, teachers’ feeling of belonging and teacher engagement. Three job
resources were included: positive and supportive relations with colleagues,
positive and supportive relations with the school leadership, and shared goals
and values. Three job demands were also included: discipline problems, time
pressure, and student diversity. Participants in the study were seven hundred
and sixty teachers in elementary school (grade 1 - 7) and middle school (grade
8 - 10). Data were analyzed by means of confirmatory factor analysis and SEM
analyses. The SEM analysis revealed that all job resources were positively
associated with collective efficacy and belonging whereas teacher self-efficacy
was positively associated with teacher engagement. The SEM analyses also
indicated that the job resources were indirectly associated with teacher
self-efficacy, mediated through collective efficacy and that collective
efficacy was indirectly associated with engagement, mediated through teacher
self-efficacy.