Z. Jiang, M. Zamanian-Daryoush, H. Nie, A. M. Silva, B. R. Williams and X. Li, “Poly(I-C)-Induced Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3)-Mediated Activation of NFkappa B and MAP Kinase Is through an Interleukin-1 Receptor- Associated Kinase (IRAK)-Independent Pathway Employing the Signaling Components TLR3-TRAF6-TAK1- TAB2-PKR,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 278, No. 19, 2003, pp. 16713-16719. doi:10.1074/jbc.M300562200

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Poly-I:C Decreases Dendritic Cell Viability Independent of PKR Activation

  AUTHORS: Hjalte List Larsen, Anders Elm Pedersen

  KEYWORDS: Cancer Immunotherapy; Dendritic Cells; Poly-I:C; PKR

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Immune Based Therapies, Vaccines and Antimicrobials, Vol.1 No.1, April 25, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Vaccination with tumor-antigen pulsed, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) has emerged as a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. The standard DC maturation cocktail consists of a combination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for generation of standard DCs (sDCs). In order to improve IL-12p70 production and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) induction, a novel cocktail composed of TNF-α/IL-1β/ interferon (IFN)-α/IFN-γ and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly-I:C) has been introduced to generate so-called α-Type-1 polarized DCs (αDC1s). We and others have previously performed a comprehensive comparison of sDCs and αDC1s. Here we demonstrate that the viability of αDC1s is lowered compared to sDCs and that DC apoptosis is mediated by Poly-I:C. We speculated that activation of protein kinase R (PKR) could mediate the observed apoptosis, but despite significantly higher PKR expression in αDC1s compared to sDCs and induction of active threonine (Thr)446 autophosphorylation of PKR in αDC1s, Poly-I:C did not influence total PKR expression or autophosporylation, indicating PKR-independent Poly-I:C-induced DC apoptosis.