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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Immune Optimization Approach for Dynamic Constrained Multi-Objective Multimodal Optimization Problems

  AUTHORS: Zhuhong Zhang, Min Liao, Lei Wang

  KEYWORDS: Dynamic Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization; Multimodality; Artificial Immune Systems; Immune Optimization; Environmental Detection

  JOURNAL NAME: American Journal of Operations Research, Vol.2 No.2, June 20, 2012

  ABSTRACT: This work investigates one immune optimization approach for dynamic constrained multi-objective multimodal optimization in terms of biological immune inspirations and the concept of constraint dominance. Such approach includes mainly three functional modules, environmental detection, population initialization and immune evolution. The first, inspired by the function of immune surveillance, is designed to detect the change of such kind of problem and to decide the type of a new environment; the second generates an initial population for the current environment, relying upon the result of detection; the last evolves two sub-populations along multiple directions and searches those excellent and diverse candidates. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can adaptively track the environmental change and effectively find the global Pareto-optimal front in each environment.