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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Differential Effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese Tonifying Herbs on Innate and Adaptive Immunity

  AUTHORS: Hoi Yan Leung, Kam Ming Ko

  KEYWORDS: Yin, Yang, Innate Immunity, Adaptive Immunity, Natural Killer Cell Activity, Splenocyte Proliferation

  JOURNAL NAME: Chinese Medicine, Vol.14 No.2, June 15, 2023

  ABSTRACT: The present study investigated the effect of treatment with methanolic extracts of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on concanavalin A (Con A)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation (adaptive immunity) and natural killer (NK) cell activity (innate immunity) in an ex vivo mouse model. The results indicated that while treatment with most Yin herbal extracts potentiated the Con A/LPS-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, only Yang (but not Yin) herbal extracts stimulated NK cell activity. The differential effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on innate and adaptive immunity are consistent with the Chinese medicine theory which depicts the Yin and Yang functional components of Zheng Qi (vital energy), with the Yang component being responsible for the first line of defense against invading microorganisms (i.e., innate immunity) and the Yin oner serving as a follow-up defensive response (adaptive immunity).