Mackey, E.A., Christopher, S.J., Lindstrom, R.M., Long, S.E., Marlow, A.F., Murphy, K.E. and Spatz, R.O. (2010) Certification of Three NIST Renewal Soil Standard Reference Materials for Element Content: SRM 2709a San Joaquin Soil, SRM 2710a Montana Soil I, and SRM 2711a Montana Soil II. NIST Special Publication 260-172, 1-39.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Modelling of Photovoltaic Modules Optical Losses Due to Saharan Dust Deposition in Dakar, Senegal, West Africa

  AUTHORS: Dialo Diop, Mamadou Simina Drame, Moussa Diallo, David Malec, Dominique Mary, Philippe Guillot

  KEYWORDS: Dust Characterization, Modeling, Ellipsometry, PV Transmittance, Solar Panel, Spin Coating, X-Ray Fluorescence

  JOURNAL NAME: Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, Vol.11 No.7, July 31, 2020

  ABSTRACT: This study aims to evaluate the optical losses of photovoltaic modules due to Saharan dust deposition in Dakar, Senegal, West Africa. For this purpose, an air-dust-glass system is modeled to simulate optical losses in transmittance and reflectance. To do this, we have collected dust samples from Photo-Voltaic (PV) surface in Dakar area (14°42'N latitude, 17°28'W longitude), Senegal. X-ray fluorescence reveals that silicon (Si), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) mainly composed these dust samples. Then, dust refractive indices obtained from an ellipsometer were used as an input to be used in the model. Simulations show that for radiation (at normal incidence) arriving on a dust layer of 30 μm-thick (corresponding to a dust deposit of 1.63 g/m2), 79% of the visible spectrum is transmitted; 19% is reflected and 2% is absorbed. Overall, the transmittance decreases by more than 50% as of dust layer of 70 μm-thick corresponding to a dust deposit of 3.3 g/m2.