TITLE:
Review: Plant Genome Editing Targeted by RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease CRISPR/Cas9
AUTHORS:
Norimoto Murai
KEYWORDS:
CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/CRISPR Associated Protein 9), on- and off-Target Sequences, PAM (Protospacer Adjacent Motif)
JOURNAL NAME:
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
Vol.8 No.13,
December
25,
2017
ABSTRACT: This review chronicles the development of the
research on CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeat/CRISPR associated protein 9) during the last 30 years from the discovery
of CRISPR sequence, of biological significance and of the molecular mechanism
for adaptive bacterial immunity. It describes recent works on structural and
functional diversity of CRISPR/Cas systems, and on three-dimensional
structure-based improvements of on-target specificity of CRISPR/Cas9 and Cpf1
endonucleases. The review ends with the application of CRISPR/Cas9 to targeted
editing of plant genomes. Importantly, plant commodities modified by CRISPR-Cas9
have not been considered as genetically modified organisms (GMO) as long as
foreign DNAs from plant pests were not introduced, according to the recent
determination by the USDA.