Tonacchera, M., Pinchera, A., Dimida, A., Ferrarini, E., Agretti, P., Vitti, P., Santini, F., Crump, K. and Gibbs, J. (2004) Relative Potencies and Additivity of Perchlorate, Tthiocyanate, Nitrate, and Iodide on the Inhibition of Radioactive Iodide Uptake by the Human Sodium Iodide Symporter. Thyroid, 14, 1012-1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2004.14.1012

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Regulatory Implications of Cumulative Risk for Perchlorate as an Iodide Uptake Inhibitor

  AUTHORS: Douglas Crawford-Brown

  KEYWORDS: Cumulative Risk, Aggregate Risk, Goitrogens, Perchlorate, Regulatory Rationality

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol.6 No.7, July 28, 2015

  ABSTRACT: This research applies aggregate and cumulative risk assessment considerations to intakes of compounds acting through the sodium-iodide symporter mechanism to produce iodide uptake inhibition into the thyroid. Four approaches to setting regulatory limits considered here based on NOELs/LOELs yield the following estimates of the safe levels of perchlorate in water (when perchlorate in water is the sole intake) or total goitrogens (PEC) acting through the same mechanism: 1) Approach 1: 18 μg/L; 2) Approach 2: 400 μg/L (50% required inhibition) or 38 μg/L (5% required inhibition); 3) Approach 3: 338 μg/L (without serum half-life correction) or 573 μg/L (with serum half-life correction); 4) Approach 4: 737 μg/L (without serum half-life correction) or 973 μg/L (with serum half-life correction) for 50% required inhibition; 375 μg/L (without half-life) or 735 μg/L (with half-life) for 5% required inhibition. Where water is not the sole route of exposure and perchlorate is not the sole goitrogen acting through the sodium-iodide symporter mechanism, the results of Approaches 3 and 4 can be applied to mixtures of compounds that produce these values as PECs. Results of the analysis suggest that compound-by-compound regulatory limits may be better dealt with through a change to risk-based management strategies that are built around the concept of focusing limited regulatory resources on the main contributors to risks induced by the mechanism considered here.