|
[1]
|
Smith, S.E. and Read, D.J. (2008) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 3rd Edition, Academic Press, New York.
|
|
[2]
|
Redecker, D., Kodner, R. and Graham, L.E. (2000) Glomalean fungi from the Ordovician. Science, 289, 1920-1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5486.1920
|
|
[3]
|
Fitter, A.H. (2005) Darkness visible, reflections on underground ecology. Journal of Ecology, 93, 231-243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-0477.2005.00990.x
|
|
[4]
|
Santos-González, J.C., Finlay, R.D. and Tehler, A. (2007) Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization in a semi-natural grassland. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 5613-5623.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00262-07
|
|
[5]
|
Brundrett, M. (2004) Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations. Biol. Rev., 79, 473-495.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1464793103006316
|
|
[6]
|
Power, M.E. and Mills, L.S. (1995) The keystone cops meet in Hilo. Tree, 10, 182-184.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89047-3
|
|
[7]
|
Atayese, M.O., Awotoye, O.O., Osonubi, O. and Mulongo, K. (1993) Comparison of the influence of hedgerow woody legumes and cassava at the top and base of a hill slope in alley cropping system. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 16, 198-204.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361408
|
|
[8]
|
Sieverding, E. (1991) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza man-agement in tropical agro-systems. German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Eschborn.
|
|
[9]
|
Smith, S.E. and Read, D.J. (1997) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 2nd Edition, Academic Press, New York.
|
|
[10]
|
Borowicz, V. (2001) Do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter plant-pathogen relations? Ecology, 82, 3057-3068.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2679834
|
|
[11]
|
Van der Heijden, M.G.A., Klironomos, J.N., Ursic, M., Mou-Toglis, P., Streitwolf-Engel, R., Boller, T., Wiemken, A. and Sanders, I.R. (1998) Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature, 396, 69-72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/23932
|
|
[12]
|
Marschner, H. and Dell, B. (1994) Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant Soil, 159, 89-102.
|
|
[13]
|
Johnson, N.C., Wilson, G.W.T., Bowker, M.A., Wilson, J.A. and Miller, R.A. (2010) Resource limitation is a driver of local adaptation in mycorrhizal symbioses. PNAS, 107, 2093-2098.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906710107
|
|
[14]
|
Smith, F.A., Grace, E.J. and Smith, S.E. (2009) More than a carbon economy: Nutrient trade and ecological sustainability in facultative arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses. New Phytologist, 182, 347-358.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02753.x
|
|
[15]
|
Reinhardt, D. (2007) Programming good relations—Development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 10, 98-105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2006.11.001
|
|
[16]
|
Bonfante, P. and Genre, A. (2008) Plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: An evolutionary developmental perspective. Trends in Plant Science, 13, 492-498.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2008.07.001
|
|
[17]
|
Jefwa, J.M., Mwangi, L.M., Odee, D. and Mugambi, G. (2004) Prelimi-nary studies on mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant conser-vation forestry and farming systems in Kenya. Journal of Tropical Microbiology, 3, 48-62.
|
|
[18]
|
Rilling, C.M. (2004) Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and terrestrial ecosystem process. Ecology Letters, 7, 740-754.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00620.x
|
|
[19]
|
Hu, Y., Rillig, M.C., Xiang, D., Hao, Z. and Chen, B. (2013) Changes of AM fungal abundance along environmental gradients in the arid and semi-arid grasslands of northern China. PLOS ONE, 8, 1-10.
|
|
[20]
|
Klironomos, J.N. (2002) Feedback with soil biota contributes to plant rarity and invasiveness in communities. Nature, 417, 67-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/417067a
|
|
[21]
|
McGuire, K.L., Henkel, T.W., Granzowdela, C.I., Villa, G., Edmund, F. and Andrew, C. (2008) Dual mycorrhizal colonization of forest-dominating tropical trees and the mycorrhizal status of non-dominant tree and liana species. Mycorrhiza, 18, 217-222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-008-0170-9
|
|
[22]
|
IPCC, Houghton, J.T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, J.P. and Xiaosu, D. (2001) The scientific basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
|
|
[23]
|
Yang, W., Zheng, Y., Gao, C., He, X., Ding, Q., Kim, Y., Rui, Y., Wang, S. and Guo, L. (2013) The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community response to warming and grazing differs between soil and roots on the QinghaiTibetan Plateau. PLOS ONE, 8, 1-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076447
|
|
[24]
|
Jeffries, P., Gianinazzi, S., Perotto, S., Turnau, K. and Barea, J.M. (2003) The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 37, 1-16.
|
|
[25]
|
O’Halloran, I.P., Miller, M.H. and Arnold, G. (1986) Absorption of P by corn (Zea mays L.) as influenced by soil disturbance. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 66, 287-302.
|
|
[26]
|
Oehl, F., Sieverding, E., Ineichen, K., Mider, P., Boller, T. and Wiemken, A. (2003) Impact of land use intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agro-ecosystems of Central Europe. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69, 2816-2824.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.5.2816-2824.2003
|
|
[27]
|
Borie, F., Rubio, R., Rouanet, J.L., Morales, A., Borie, G. and Rojas, C. (2006) Effects of tillage systems on soil characteristics, glomalin and mycorrhizal propagules in a Chilean Ultisol. Soil & Tillage Research, 88, 253-261.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.06.004
|
|
[28]
|
Leake, J., Johnson, D., Donnelly, D., Muckle, G., Boddy, L. and Read, D. (2004) Networks of power and influence: The role of mycorrhizal mycelium in controlling plant communities and agroecosystem functioning. Canadian Journal of Botany, 82, 1016-1045.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-060
|
|
[29]
|
Langley, J.A. and Hungate, B.A. (2003) Mycorrhizal controls on belowground litter quality. Ecology, 84, 2302-2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/02-0282
|
|
[30]
|
Auge, R.M. (2001) Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza, 11, 3-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720100097
|
|
[31]
|
Cavagnaro, T.R., Jackson, L.E., Six, J., Ferris, H., Goyal, S., Asami, D. and Scow, K.M. (2006) Arbuscular mycorrhizas, microbial communities, nutrient availability, and soil aggregates in organic tomato production. Plant and Soil, 282, 209-225.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-5847-7
|
|
[32]
|
Rillig, M.C., Wright, S.F. and Eviner, V.T. (2002) The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin in soil aggregation: Comparing effects of five plant species. Plant and Soil, 238, 325-333.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014483303813
|
|
[33]
|
Tisdall, J.M. and Oades, J.M. (1980) The effect of crop rotation on aggregation in a red-brown earth. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 18, 423-433.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SR9800423
|
|
[34]
|
Le Tacon, F., Zeller, B., Plain, C., Hossann, C., Bréchet, C. and Robin, C. (2013) Carbon transfer from the host to tuber melanosporum mycorrhizas and ascocarps followed using a 13C pulse-labeling technique. PLoS ONE, 8, Article ID: e64626.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064626
|
|
[35]
|
Zhu, Y.G. and Miller, R.M. (2003) Carbon cycling by arbuscular my-corrhizal fungi in soil-plant systems. Trends in Plant Science, 8, 407-409.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(03)00184-5
|
|
[36]
|
Graham, J.H. (2000) Assessing costs of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in agroecosystems. In: Podila, G.K. and Douds Jr., D.D., Eds., Current Advances in Mycorrhizae Research, The American Phytopahthological Society Press, St. Paul, 127-140.
|
|
[37]
|
Olsson, P.A., Jakobsen, I. and Wallander, H. (2002) Foraging and resource allocation strategies of mycorrhizal fungi in a patchy environment. Ecological Studies, 157, 93-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-38364-2_4
|
|
[38]
|
Johnson, N.C., Rowland, D.L., Corkidi, L., Egerton-Warburton, L. and Allen, E.B. (2003) Nitrogen enrichment alters mycorrhizal allocation at five mesic to semiarid grass-lands. Ecology, 84, 1895-1908.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1895:NEAMAA]2.0.CO;2
|
|
[39]
|
Bever, J.D., Schultz, P.A., Pringle, A. and Morton, J.B. (2001) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: More diverse than meets the eye, and the ecological tale of why. BioScience, 51, 923-932.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0923:AMFMDT]2.0.CO;2
|
|
[40]
|
Hawksworth, D.L. (2001) The magnitude of fungal diversity: The 1.5 million species estimate revisited. Mycological Research, 105, 1422-1432.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953756201004725
|
|
[41]
|
Sanders, I.R. (2010) ‘Designer’ mycorrhizas? Using natural genetic variation in AM fungi to increase plant growth. ISME Journal, 4, 1081-1083.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.109
|
|
[42]
|
Cardoso, I.M. and Kuyper, T.W. (2006) Mycorrhizas and tropical soil fertility. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 116, 72-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.011
|
|
[43]
|
O'Neill, E.G., O’Neill, R.V. and Norby, R.J. (1991) Hierarchy theory as a guide to mycorrhizal research on largescale problems. Environmental Pollution, 73, 271-284.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(91)90054-Z
|
|
[44]
|
Johnson, N.C., Graham, J.H. and Smith, F.A. (1997) Mycorrhizal associations along the mutualism-parasitism continuum. New Phytologist, 135, 575-586.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00729.x
|
|
[45]
|
Linderman, R.G. (1988) Mycorrhizal interactions with the rhizosphere microflora: The mycorrhizosphere effect. Phytopathology, 78, 366-371.
|
|
[46]
|
Reinhard, S., Weber, E., Martin, P. and Marschner, H. (1994) Influence of phosphorus supply and light intensity on mycorrhizal response in Pisum-Rhizobium-Glomus symbiosis. Experientia, 50, 890-896.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923475
|
|
[47]
|
Wellings, N.P., Wearing, A.H. and Thompson, J.P. (1991) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) improve phosphorus and zinc nutrition and growth of pigeon pea in a Vertisol. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 42, 835-845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AR9910835
|
|
[48]
|
Corrêa, A., Hampp, R., Magel, E. and Martins-Loucao, M. (2011) Carbon allocation in ectomycorrhizal plants at limited and optimal N supply: An attempt at unraveling conflicting theories. Mycorrhiza, 21, 35-51.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-010-0309-3
|
|
[49]
|
Tuomi, J., Kytoviita, M. and Hardling, R. (2001) Cost efficiency of nutrient acquisition and the advantage of mycorrhizal symbiosis for the host plant. Oikos, 92, 62-70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920108.x
|
|
[50]
|
Janos, D.P. (2007) Plant responsiveness to mycorrhizas differs from dependence upon mycorrhizas. Mycorrhiza, 17, 75-91.
|
|
[51]
|
Hynes, M.M., Zasoski, R.J. and Bledsoe, C.S. (2008) Evaluation of two techniques for quantification of hyphal biomass. In: Merenlender, A., McCreary, D. and Purcell, K.L., Eds., 2008. Proceedings of the 6th California oak Symposium: Today’s Challenges, Tomorrow’s Opportunities. General Technical ReportsPSW-GTR-217. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, 139-148.
|
|
[52]
|
Giasson, P., Karam, A. and Jaouich, A. (2008) Arbuscular mycorrhizae and alleviation of soil stresses on plant growth. In: Siddiqui, Z.A., Akhtar, M.S. and Futai, K., Eds., Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Springer and Business Media B.V., 99-134.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8770-7_4
|
|
[53]
|
Tisdall, J.M. and Oades, J.M. (1979) Stabilization of soil aggregates by the root systems of ryegrass. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 17, 429-441.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SR9790429
|
|
[54]
|
Olsson, P.A., Thingstrup, I., Jakobsen, I. and Baath, E. (1999) Estimation of the biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a linseed field. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31, 1879-1887.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00119-4
|
|
[55]
|
Read, D.J., Koucheki, H.K. and Hodgson, J. (1976) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural vegetation systems. New Phytologist, 77, 641-653.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1976.tb04657.x
|
|
[56]
|
Abbott, L.K. and Robson, A.D. (1991) Factors influencing the occurrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 35, 121-150.
|
|
[57]
|
Hunt, G.A. and Fogel, R. (1983) Fungal hyphal dynamics in a western Oregon Douglas-fir stand. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 15, 641-649.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(83)90027-5
|
|
[58]
|
Brito, I., De Carvalho, M. and Goss, M.J. (2011) Summer survival of arbuscular mycorrhiza extraradical mycelium and the potential for its management through tillage options in Mediterranean cropping systems. Soil Use and Management, 27, 350-356.
|
|
[59]
|
Dodd, J.C. (2000) The role of arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in agroand natural ecosystems. Outlook on Agriculture, 29, 55-62.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101293059
|
|
[60]
|
Utobo, E.B., Ogbodo, E.N. and Nwogbaga, A.C. (2011) Techniques for extraction and quantification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Libyan Agriculture Research Center Journal International, 2, 68-78.
|
|
[61]
|
Quilambo, O.Q. (2003) The vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2, 539-546.
|
|
[62]
|
Miller, R.M., Reinhardt, D.R. and Jastrow, J.D. (1995) External hyphal production of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in pasture and tall grass prairie communities. Oecologia, 103, 17-23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328420
|
|
[63]
|
Klironomos, J.N., McCune, J., Hart, M. and Neville, J. (2000) The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on the relationship between plant diversity and productivity. Ecology Letters, 3, 137-141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2000.00131.x
|
|
[64]
|
Egerton-Warburton, L.M., Johnson, N.C. and Allen, E.B. (2007) Mycorrhizal community dynamics following nitrogen fertilization: A cross-site test in five grasslands. Ecological Monographs, 77, 527-544.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1772.1
|
|
[65]
|
Porras-Alfaro, A., Herrera, J., Natvig, D.O. and Sinsabaugh, R.L. (2007) Effect of long-term nitrogen fertilization on mycorrhizal fungi associated with a dominant grass in a semiarid grassland. Plant and Soil, 296, 65-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9290-9
|
|
[66]
|
Lekberg, Y., Koide, R.T., Rohr, J.R., Aldrich-Wolfe, L. and Morton, J.B. (2007) Role of niche restrictions and dispersal in the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. Journal of Ecology, 95, 95-105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01193.x
|
|
[67]
|
Oehl, F., Laczko, E., Bogenrieder, A., Stahr, K., Bosch, R., van der Heijden, M. and Sieverding, E. (2010) Soil type and land use intensity determine the composition of arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal communities. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42, 724-738.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.01.006
|
|
[68]
|
Schnoor, T.K., Lekberg, Y., Rosendahl, S. and Olsson, P.A. (2011) Mechanical soil disturbance as a determinant of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in semi-natural grassland. Mycorrhiza, 21, 211-220.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-010-0325-3
|
|
[69]
|
Lilleskov, E.A., Fahey, T.J. and Lovett, G.M. (2001) Ectomycorrhizal fungal aboveground community change over an atmospheric nitrogen deposition gradient. Ecological Applications, 11, 397-410.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0397:EFACCO]2.0.CO;2
|
|
[70]
|
Wallenda, T. and Kottke, I. (1998) Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas. New Phytologist, 139, 169-187.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00176.x
|
|
[71]
|
Egerton-Warburton, L.M. and Allen, E.B. (2000) Shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal communities along an anthropogenic nitrogen deposition gradient. Ecological Applications, 10, 484-496.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0484:SIAMCA]2.0.CO;2
|
|
[72]
|
Eom, A.H., Harnett, D.C., Wilson, G.W.T. and Figge, D.A.H. (1999) The effect of fire, mowing and fertilizer amendment on arbuscular mycorrhizas in tallgrass prairie. American Midland Naturalist, 142, 55-70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(1999)142[0055:TEOFMA]2.0.CO;2
|
|
[73]
|
Klironomos, J.N., McCune, J. and Moutoglis, P. (2004) Species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect mycorrhizal responses to simulated herbivory. Applied Soil Ecology, 26, 133-141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2003.11.001
|
|
[74]
|
Brundrett, M.C., Piche, Y. and Peterson, R.L. (1984) A new method for observing the morphology of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizae. Canadian Journal of Botany, 62, 2128-2134.
|
|
[75]
|
Biermann, B. and Linderman, R.G. (1983) Use of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal roots, intraradical vesicles and extraradical vesicles as inoculum. New Phytologist, 95, 97-105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1983.tb03472.x
|
|
[76]
|
Jabaji-Hare, S.H., Piche, Y. and Fortin, J.A. (1986) Isolation and structural characterization of soil-borne auxiliary cells of Gigaspora margarita Becker and Hall, a vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. New Phytologist, 103, 777-784.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00852.x
|
|
[77]
|
Jasper, D.A., Abbot, L.K. and Robson, A.D. (1989) Hyphae of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus maintain infectivity in dry soil, except when the soil is disturbed. New Phytologist, 112, 101-107.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1989.tb00314.x
|
|
[78]
|
Azcon, R., Rubio, R. and Barea, J.M. (1991) Selective interactions between different species of mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium meliloti strains, and their effects on growth, N2-fixation (N15) and nutrition of Medicago sativa L. New Phytologist, 117, 399-404.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb00003.x
|
|
[79]
|
Frank, D.A. and McNaughton, S.J. (1993) Evidence for the promotion of aboveground grassland production by native large herbivores in Yellowstone National Park. Oecologia, 96, 157-161.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317727
|
|
[80]
|
Eom, A.H., Wilson, G.W.T. and Hartnett, D.C. (2001) Effects of ungulate grazers on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and fungal community structure in tallgrass prairie. Mycologia, 92, 233-242.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761643
|
|
[81]
|
Bai, G., Bao, Y.Y., Du, G.X. and Qi, Y.L. (2013) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with vegetation and soil parameters under rest grazing management in a desert steppe ecosystem. Mycorrhiza, 23, 289-301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-012-0468-5
|
|
[82]
|
Trent, J.D., Wallace, L.L., Svejcar, T.J. and Christiansen, S. (1988) Effect of grazing on growth, carbohydrate pools, and mycorrhizae in winter wheat. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 68, 115-120.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-012
|
|
[83]
|
Frank, D.A., Kuns, M.M. and Guido, D.R. (2002) Consumer control of grassland plant production. Ecology, 83, 602-606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0602:CCOGPP]2.0.CO;2
|
|
[84]
|
Gehring, C.A. and Whitham, T.G. (2002) Mycorrhizae herbivore interactions: Population and community consequences. In: van der Heijden, M.G.A. and Sanders, I.R. Eds., Mycorrhizal Ecology, Springer, Berlin, 295-320.
|
|
[85]
|
McNaughton, S.J. (1979) Grazing as an optimization process: Grass ungulate relationships in the Serengeti. American Naturalist, 113, 691-703.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/283426
|
|
[86]
|
Gange, A.C. (2007) Insect-mycorrhizal interactions: Patterns, processes, and consequences. In: Ohgushi, T., Craig, T.P. and Price, P.W., Eds., Ecological Communities: Plant Mediation in Indirect Interaction Webs. Cambridge University Press, London, 124-143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511542701.007
|
|
[87]
|
Schnyder, H., Locher, F. and Auerswald, K. (2010) Nutrient redistribution by grazing cattle drives patterns of topsoil N and P stocks in a low-input pasture ecosystem. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 88, 183-195.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9334-z
|
|
[88]
|
van der Waal, C., et al. (2011) Large herbivores may alter vegetation structure of semi-arid savannas through soil nutrient mediation. Oecologia, 165, 1095-1107.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1899-3
|
|
[89]
|
Powell, C.L. (1981) Inoculation of barley with efficient mycorrhizal fungi stimulates seed yield. Plant and Soil, 59, 487-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184553
|
|
[90]
|
Habte, M. (1989) Impact of simulated erosion on the abundance and activity of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal endophytes in an oxisol. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 7, 164-167.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292576
|
|
[91]
|
Mulligan, M.F., Smucker, A.J.M. and Safir, G.F. (1985) Tillage modifications of dry edible bean root colonization by VAM fungi. Agronomy Journal, 77, 140-142.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1985.00021962007700010033x
|
|
[92]
|
Sagan, C., Toon, O.B. and Pollack, J.B. (1979) Anthropogenic albedo changes and the earth’s climate. Science, 206, 1363-1368.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.206.4425.1363
|
|
[93]
|
Sala, O.E., Chapin, F.S., Armesto, J.J., Berlow, E. Bloomfield, J., et al. (2000) Biodiversity-global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287, 1770-1774.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5459.1770
|
|
[94]
|
Trimble, S.W. and Crosson, P. (2000) Land use US soil erosion rates: Myth and reality. Science, 289, 248-250.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5477.248
|
|
[95]
|
Vitousek, P.M., Mooney, H.A., Lubchenco, J. and Melillo, J.M. (1997) Human domination of earth’s ecosystems. Science, 277, 494-499.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5325.494
|
|
[96]
|
Odada, E.O., Ochola, W.O. and Olago, D.A. (2009) Drivers of ecosystem change and their impacts on human well-being in Lake Victoria basin. African Journal of Ecology, 47, 46-54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.01049.x
|
|
[97]
|
Lambin, E.F., Geist, H.J. and Lepers, E. (2003) Dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in tropical regions. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 28, 205-241.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105459
|
|
[98]
|
Ramankutty, N. and Foley, J.A. (1999) Estimating historical changes in global land cover: Croplands from 1700 to 1992. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13, 997-1027.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GB900046
|
|
[99]
|
Meyer, W.B. and Turner, B.L. (1992) Human population growth and global land-use/cover change. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 23, 39-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.23.110192.000351
|
|
[100]
|
Eriksson, A. (2001) Arbuscular mycorrhiza in relation to management history, soil nutrients and plant species diversity. Plant Ecology, 155, 129-137.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013204803560
|
|
[101]
|
Hartnett, D.C. and Wilson, G.W.T. (2002) The role of mycorrhizas in plant community structure and dynamics: Lessons from grasslands. Ecology, 80, 1187-1195.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1187:MIPCSA]2.0.CO;2
|
|
[102]
|
Hoeksema, J.D. and Schwartz, M.W. (2003) Expanding comparative advantage biological market models: Contingency of mutualism on partners’ resource requirements and acquisition trade-offs. Proceeding of the Royal Society of London B, 270, 913-919.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2312
|
|
[103]
|
Jones, M.D. and Smith, S.E. (2004) Exploring functional definitions of mycorrhizas: Are mycorrhizas always mutualisms? Canadian Journal of Botany, 82, 1089-1109.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-110
|
|
[104]
|
Pimentel, D. (2006) Soil erosion: A food and environmental threat. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 8, 119-137.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-005-1262-8
|
|
[105]
|
Verbruggen, E., Van Der Heijden, M.G., Weedon, J.T., Kowalchuk, G.A. and Roling, W.F. (2012) Community assembly, species richness and nestedness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils. Molecular Ecology, 21, 2341-2353.
|
|
[106]
|
Siddiqui, Z.A. and Pichtel, J. (2008) Mycorrhixae: An overview. In: Siddiqui, Z.A., Akhtar, M.S. and Futai, K., Eds., Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Springer, Berlin, 1-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8770-7_1
|
|
[107]
|
Barber, N.A., Kiers, E.T., Theis, N., Hazzard, R.V. and Adler, L.S. (2013) Linking agricultural practices, mycorrhizal fungi, and traits mediating plant-insect interactions. Ecological Applications, 23, 1519-1530.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0156.1
|
|
[108]
|
Jansa, J., Mozafar, A., Anken, T., Ruh, R., Sanders, I.R. and Frossard, E. (2002) Diversity and structure of AMF communities as affected by tillage in a temperate soil. Mycorrhiza, 12, 225-234.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-002-0163-z
|
|
[109]
|
Nichols, K.A. and Wright, S.F. (2004) Contributions of soil fungi to organic matter in agricultural soils. In: Magdoff, F. and Weil, R., Eds., Functions and Management of Soil Organic Matter in Agro-ecosystems. CRC, Washington, DC, 179-198.
|
|
[110]
|
Douds, D.D. and Millner, P.D. (1999) Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 74, 77-93.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00031-6
|
|
[111]
|
Schenck, N.C. and Kinloch, R.A. (1980) Incidence of mycorrhizal fungi on six field crops in monoculture on a newly cleared woodland site. Mycologia, 72, 445-456.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3759518
|
|
[112]
|
Smithson, P.C. and Giller, K.E. (2002) Appropriate farm management practices for alleviating N and P deficiencies in low-nutrient soils of the tropics. Plant and Soil, 245, 169-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020685728547
|
|
[113]
|
Habte, M. and Osorio, N.W. (2001) Arbuscular mycorrhizas: Producing and applying arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum. Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, 47.
|
|
[114]
|
Daniell, T.J., Husband, R., Fitter, A.H. and Young, J.P.W. (2001) Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising arable crops. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 36, 203-209.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00841.x
|
|
[115]
|
Johnson, N.C. and Pfleger, F.L. (1992) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and cultural stress. In: Bethlenfalvay, G.J. and Lindennan, R.G., Eds., Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agriculture, American Society of Agronomy, Special Publication 54, American Society of Agronomy, 71-99.
|
|
[116]
|
Newman, E.I., Heap, A.J. and Lawley, R.A. (1981) Abundance of mycorrhizas and root-surface micro-organisms of Plantago lanceolata in relation to soil and vegetation: A multivariate approach. New Phytologist, 89, 95-108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1981.tb04752.x
|
|
[117]
|
Jeffries, P., Spyropoulos, T. and Vardavarkis, E. (1988) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal status of various crops in different agricultural soils of northern Greece. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 5, 333-337.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262142
|
|
[118]
|
Porter, W.M., Robson, A.D. and Abbott, L.K. (1987) Field survey of the distribution of VA mycorrhizal fungi in relation to soil pH. Journal of Applied Ecology, 24, 659-662. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403900
|
|
[119]
|
Bolgiano, N.C., Safir, G.R. and Warncke, D.D. (1983) Mycorrhizal infection and growth of onion in the field in relation to phosphorus and water availability. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 108, 819-825.
|
|
[120]
|
Morita, A. and Konishi, S. (1989) Relationship between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection and soil phosphorus concentration in tea fields. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 35, 139-143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1989.10434745
|
|
[121]
|
Thomson, B.D., Robson, A.D. and Abbott, L.K. (1986) Effects of Phosphorus on the formation of mycorrhizas by Gigaspora calospora and Glomus fasciculatum in relation to root carbohydrates. New Phytologist, 103, 751-765.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00850.x
|
|
[122]
|
Mosse, B., Powell, C.L. and Hayman, D.S. (1976) Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. IX. Interactions between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, rock phosphate and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. New Phytologist, 76, 331-342.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1976.tb01468.x
|
|
[123]
|
Treseder, K.K. (2004) A meta-analysis of mycorrhizal responses to nitrogen, phosphorus, and atmospheric CO2 in field studies. New Phytologist, 164, 347-355.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01159.x
|
|
[124]
|
Johnson, N.C. (1993) Can fertilization of soil select less mutualistic mycorrhizae? Ecological Applications, 3, 749-757. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1942106
|
|
[125]
|
Parrent, J.L. and Vilgalys, R. (2007) Biomass and compositional responses of ectomycorrhizal fungal hyphae to elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization. New Phytologist, 176, 164-174.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02155.x
|
|
[126]
|
Abbott, L.K., Robson, A.D. and De Boer, G. (1984) The effect of phosphorus on the formation of hyphae in soil by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus fasciculatum. New Phytologist, 97, 437-446.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb03609.x
|
|
[127]
|
Miranda, J.C.C. and Harris, P.J. (1994) Effects of soil phosphorus on spore germination and hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist, 128, 103-108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb03992.x
|
|
[128]
|
Miranda, J.C.C. and Harris, P.J. (1994) The effect of soil phosphorus on the external mycelium growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during the early stages of mycorrhiza formation. Plant and Soil, 166, 271-280.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008340
|
|
[129]
|
George, E., Marschner, H. and Jakobsen, I. (1995) Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen from soil. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 15, 257-270.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07388559509147412
|
|
[130]
|
Howeler, R.H., Sieverding, E. and Saif, S. (1987) Practical aspects of mycorrhizal technology in some tropical crops and pastures. Plant and Soil, 100, 249-283.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370945
|
|
[131]
|
Amijee, F., Tinker, P.B. and Stribley, D.P. (1989) The development of endomycorrhizal root systems. VII. A detailed study of effects of soil phosphorus on colonization. New Phytologist, 111, 435-446.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1989.tb00706.x
|
|
[132]
|
Schroeder, M.S. and Janos, D.P. (2004) Phosphorus and intraspecific density alter plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plant and Soil, 264, 335-348.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:PLSO.0000047765.28663.49
|
|
[133]
|
Read, D.J. and Perez-Moreno, J. (2003) Mycorrhizas and nutrient cycling in ecosystems—A journey towards relevance? New Phytologist, 157, 475-492.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00704.x
|