Effect of Nicotine on Dopamine and Glutathione Levels in Presence of Oligoelements in Brain Regions of Young Rats——Effect of Nicotine on Brain Regions of Rat

David Calderón Guzmán, Ernestina Hernández García, Francisca Trujillo Jiménez, Gerardo Barragán Mejía, Hugo Juárez Olguín, José A. Saldivar González, Daniel Santamaria del Angel, Norma Osnaya Brizuela

Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Laboratorio de Farmacología, INP, México City, México.
Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), México City, México.
Laboratorio de Patología Experimental, México City, México.

DOI: 10.4236/nm.2012.33032                

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of nicotine mediated addiction and the role of oligoelements in reducing its effect. Methods: Male Wistar rats (weight 80 g) were treated with single and repeated doses of nicotine and/or oligoelements as follows: group 1 (control) NaCl 0.9%; group 2, nicotine (1 mg/kg); group 3, oligoelements (50 μl/rat); and group 4, nicotine (1 mg/kg) + oligoelements (50 μl/rat). All drugs were intraperitoneally administered for 4 days. Blood for the measurement of glucose was obtained from all the animals. Samples of the brain regions (cortex, hemispheres and cerebellum + medulla oblongata) of each rat were obtained and used to measure the concentrations of dopamine, GSH levels, and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) using fluorescence and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Glucose level increased in rats treated with nicotine and oligoelements (p < 0.05), while GSH level decreased in cerebellum/medulla oblongata and hemispheres (p < 0.05) of the same animals. TBARS levels increased in cerebellum/medulla oblongata and hemispheres of animals treated with nicotine and oligoelements, but decreased in the same regions (p < 0.05) in rats treated only with oligoelements. The levels of dopamine decreased in cortex and hemispheres, but increased in cerebellum/medulla and oblongata regions of rats treated with both compounds (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Nicotine and oligoelements are associated with increase in the level of glucose, an effect that was more pronounced in the group treated with both drugs. Reduction of oxidative stress and dopamine metabolism may be involved in this effect.

Keywords

Glutathione; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidative Stress

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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