RETRACTED: Relationship between Respiratory Muscle Strength and Static Balance in Older People Requiring Support and Care

Yutaro Hyodo¹, Takumi Jiroumaru², Kenji Mori¹, Tomoka Hattori¹, Yasumasa Oka^1,3, Minoru Kuroda^1,4, Takamitsu Fujikawa²

¹Kanazawa Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Clinic, 881 Ono, Ritto, Japan.
²Department of Physical Therapy, Bukkyo University, Kyoto, Japan.
³Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.
⁴Department of Clinical Nursing, Division of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Shiga University, Otsu, Japan.

DOI: 10.4236/ojtr.2023.113008                

Abstract

The paper does not meet the standards of "Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation". This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. The aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused. Please see the article page for more details. The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper which is marked "RETRACTED".

Keywords

Respiratory Muscle Strength, PIMAX, PEMAX, One-Leg Standing, Older Person

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Ambrose, A.F., Paul, G. and Hausdorff, J.M. (2013) Risk Factors for Falls among Older Adults: A Review of the Literature. Maturitas, 75, 51-61. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2]	Cadore, E.L., Rodriguez-Manas, L., Sinclair, A. and Izquierdo, M. (2013) Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Risk of Falls, Gait Ability, and Balance in Physically Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Rejuvenation Research, 16, 105-114. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3]	Rubenstein, L.Z. (2006) Falls in Older People: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Strategies for Prevention. Age Ageing, 35, ii37-ii41. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4]	Bahat, G., Tufan, A., Ozkaya, H., Tufan, F., Akpinar, T.S., Akin, S., et al. (2014) Relation between Hand Grip Strength, Respiratory Muscle Strength and Spirometric Measures in Male Nursing Home Residents. Aging Male, 17, 136-140. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5]	Shin, H.I., Kim, D.K., Seo, K.M., Kang, S.H., Lee, S.Y. and Son, S. (2017) Relation between Respiratory Muscle Strength and Skeletal Muscle Mass and Hand Grip Strength in the Healthy Elderly. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 41, 686-692. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6]	Pegorari, M.S., Ruas, G. and Patrizzi, L.J. (2013) Relationship between Frailty and Respiratory Function in the Community-Dwelling Elderly. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 17, 9-16. [CrossRef]
[7]	Kagiali, S., Inal-Ince, D., Cakmak, A., Calik-Kutukcu, E., Saglam, M., Vardar-Yagli, N., et al. (2022) Daily Living Activities, Exercise Capacity, Cognition, and Balance in COPD Patients with and without Frailty. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 191, 817-824. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8]	Souza, H., Rocha, T., Pessoa, M., Rattes, C., Brandao, D., Fregonezi, G., et al. (2014) Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Elderly Women on Respiratory Muscle Strength, Diaphragm Thickness and Mobility. The Journals of Gerontology Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69, 1545-1553. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9]	Seixas, M.B., Almeida, L.B., Trevizan, P.F., Martinez, D.G., Laterza, M.C., Vanderlei, L.C.M., et al. (2020) Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Older Adults. Respiratory Care, 65, 535-544. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10]	Ferraro, F.V., Gavin, J.P., Wainwright, T. and McConnell, A. (2019) The Effects of 8 Weeks of Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Balance of Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Physiological Reports, 7, e14076. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11]	Mills, D.E., Johnson, M.A., Barnett, Y.A., Smith, W.H. and Sharpe, G.R. (2015) The Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Older Adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47, 691-697. [CrossRef]
[12]	Cebria, I.I.M.A., Balasch-Bernat, M., Tortosa-Chulia, M.A. and Balasch-Parisi, S. (2018) Effects of Resistance Training of Peripheral Muscles versus Respiratory Muscles in Older Adults with Sarcopenia Who Are Institutionalized: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 26, 637-646. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13]	Bohannon, R.W. (2006) Single Limb Stance Times: A Descriptive Meta-Analysis of Data from Individuals at Least 60 Years of Age. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 22, 70-77. [CrossRef]
[14]	Mayson, D.J., Kiely, D.K., LaRose, S.I. and Bean, J.F. (2008) Leg Strength or Velocity of Movement: Which Is More Influential on the Balance of Mobility Limited Elders? American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 87, 969-976. [CrossRef]
[15]	Pijnappels, M., van der Burg, P.J., Reeves, N.D. and van Dieen, J.H. (2008) Identification of Elderly Fallers by Muscle Strength Measures. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 102, 585-592. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16]	Dibble, L.E. and Lange, M. (2006) Predicting Falls in Individuals with Parkinson Disease: A Reconsideration of Clinical Balance Measures. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 30, 60-67. [CrossRef]
[17]	Thomas, J.I. and Lane, J.V. (2005) A Pilot Study to Explore the Predictive Validity of 4 Measures of Falls Risk in Frail Elderly Patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86, 1636-1640. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18]	Yamada, M. and Arai, H. (2020) Long-Term Care System in Japan. Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research, 24, 174-180. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19]	Vidal, M.B., Pegorari, M.S., Santos, E.C., Matos, A.P., Pinto, A. and Ohara, D.G. (2020) Respiratory Muscle Strength for Discriminating Frailty in Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 89, Article ID: 104082. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20]	Ferraro, F.V., Gavin, J.P., Wainwright, T.W. and McConnell, A.K. (2020) Comparison of Balance Changes after Inspiratory Muscle or Otago Exercise Training. PLOS ONE, 15, e0227379. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21]	Hodges, P.W., Butler, J.E., McKenzie, D.K. and Gandevia, S.C. (1997) Contraction of the Human Diaphragm during Rapid Postural Adjustments. The Journal of Physiology, 505, 539-548. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22]	Abe, T., Kawakami, Y., Kondo, M. and Fukunaga, T. (2011) Comparison of Ultrasound-Measured Age-Related, Site-Specific Muscle Loss between Healthy Japanese and German Men. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 31, 320-325. [CrossRef]
[23]	Abe, T., Sakamaki, M., Yasuda, T., Bemben, M.G., Kondo, M., Kawakami, Y., et al. (2011) Age-Related, Site-Specific Muscle Loss in 1507 Japanese Men and Women Aged 20 to 95 Years. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10, 145-150.
[24]	Sawaya, Y., Ishizaka, M., Kubo, A., Sadakiyo, K., Yakabi, A., Sato, T., et al. (2018) Correlation between Skeletal Muscle Mass Index and Parameters of Respiratory Function and Muscle Strength in Young Healthy Adults According to Gender. The Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 30, 1424-1427. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25]	Okabe, T., Suzuki, M., Goto, H., Iso, N., Cho, K., Hirata, K., et al. (2021) Sex Differences in Age-Related Physical Changes among Community-Dwelling Adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10, 4800. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26]	Jonsson, E., Seiger, A. and Hirschfeld, H. (2004) One-Leg Stance in Healthy Young and Elderly Adults: A Measure of Postural Steadiness? Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon), 19, 688-694. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27]	Muehlbauer, T., Gollhofer, A. and Granacher, U. (2012) Relationship between Measures of Balance and Strength in Middle-Aged Adults. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26, 2401-2407. [CrossRef]