Synthesis and Structural Properties of Bismuth Doped Cobalt Nanoferrites Prepared by Sol-Gel Combustion Method

Naraavula Suresh Kumar¹, Katrapally Vijaya Kumar^2*

¹Mallareddy Institute of Engineering & Technology, Secunderabad, India.
²Department of Physics, JNTUH College of Engineering Jagtial, Nachupally (Kondagattu), Karimnagar-Dist, TS, India.

DOI: 10.4236/wjnse.2015.54016                

Abstract

A series of Bismuth doped Cobalt nanoferrites of chemical composition CoBi_xFe_2-xO₄ (where x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 & 0.25) were prepared by sol-gel combustion method and calcinated at 600℃. The structural and morphological studies were carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra showing the single phase spinal structure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a single phase fcc crystal. The crystallite size of all the compositions was calculated using Debye-Scherrer equation and found in the range of 17 to 26 nm. The lattice parameters were found to be decreased as Bi³⁺ ion doping increases. The surface morphology was studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and particle size was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The EDS plots revealed existence of no extra peaks other than constituents of the taken up composition. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) studies were made in the frequency range 350 - 900 cm^-1 and observed two strong absorption peaks. The frequency band is found at 596 cm^-1 where as the lower frequency band at 393 cm^-1. It is clearly noticed that the two prominent absorption bands were slightly shifted towards higher frequency side with the increase of Bi³⁺ ion concentration.

Keywords

Bi-Co Nanoferrites, Sol-Gel Combustion Method, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM and FTIR

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Pallai, V. and Shah, D.O. (1996) Synthesis of High-Coercivity Cobalt Ferrite Particles Using Water-in-Oil Microemulsions. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 163, 243-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(96)00280-6
[2]	Skomski, R. (2003) Nanomagnetics. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 15, R1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/15/20/202
[3]	Kumar, S., Shinde, T.J. and Vasambekar, P.N. (2013) Microwave Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Crystalline Mn-Zn Ferrites. Advanced Materials Letters, 4, 373-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2012.10429
[4]	Dixit, G., Singh, J.P., Srivastava, R.C., Agrawal, H.M. and Chaudhary, R.J. (2012) Structural, Magnetic and Optical Studies of Nickel Ferrite Thin Films. Advanced Materials Letters, 3, 21-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2011.6280
[5]	Giannakopoulou, T., Kompotiatis, L., Kontogeorgakos, A. and Kordas, G. (2002) Microwave Behavior of Ferrites Prepared via Sol-Gel Method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 246, 360-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00106-3
[6]	Pardavi-Horvath, M. (2000) Microwave Applications of Soft Ferrites. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 215-216, 171-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(00)00106-2
[7]	Gupta, N., Dimri, M.C. Kashyap, S.C. and Dube, D.C. (2005) Processing and Properties of Cobalt-Substituted Lithium Ferrite in the GHz Frequency Range. Ceramics International, 31, 171-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2004.04.004
[8]	Bate, G. (1975) In: Craik, D.J., Ed., L: Magnetic Oxides, Part 2, Wiley Interscience, New York, 703.
[9]	Sharrock, M.P. (1989) Particulate Magnetic Recording Media: A Review. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 25, 4374-4389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.45317
[10]	Handley, R.C.O. (2000) Modern Magnetic Materials: Principles and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
[11]	Chen, D., Zhang, Y. and Tu, C. (2012) Preparation of High Saturation Magnetic MgFe2O4 Nanoparticles by Microwave-Assisted Ball Milling. Materials Letters, 82, 10-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.05.034
[12]	Amighian, J., Mozaffari, M. and Nasr, B. (2006) Preparation of Nano-Sized Manganese Ferrite (Mn-Fe2O4) via Coprecipitation Method. Journal of Solid State Physics, 3, 3188-3192.
[13]	Meenakshisundaram, A., Gunasekaran, N. and Srinivasan, V. (1982) Distribution of Metal Ions in Transition Metal Manganites AMn2O4 (A: Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn). Physica Status Solidi(a), 69, K15-K19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210690149
[14]	Pallai, V. and Shah, D.O. (1996) Synthesis of High-Coercivity Cobalt Ferrite Particles Using Water-in-Oil Microemulsions. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 163, 243-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(96)00280-6
[15]	Skomski, R. (2003) Nanomagnetics. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 15, R841-R896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/15/20/202
[16]	Yang, H., Zhang, X.C., Tang, A.D. and Qiu, G.Z. (2004) Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared by Coprecipitation/ Mechanochemical Treatment. Chemistry Letters, 33, 826-827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2004.826
[17]	Brinker, C.J. and Scherer, G.W. (1990) Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing. Academic Press, San Diego.
[18]	Ai, L.H. and Jiang, J. (2010) Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Formation, Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Spinel Nanocrystalline Cobalt Ferrites. Current Applied Physics, 10, 284-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2009.06.007
[19]	Bensebaa, F., Zavaliche, F., L’Ecuyer, P., Cochrane, R.W. and Veres, T. (2004) Microwave Synthesis and Characterization of Co-Ferrite Nanoparticles. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 277, 104-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.04.016
[20]	El Haiti, M.A. (1994) DC Conductivity for ZnxMg0.8-xNi0.2Fe2O4 Ferrites. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 136, 138-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(94)90457-X
[21]	Khan, H.M., Misbah-ul-Islam, Ali, I. and Rana, M. (2011) Electrical Transport Properties of Bi2O3-Doped CoFe2O4 and CoHo0.02Fe1.98O4 Ferrites. Materials Sciences and Application, 2, 1083-1089.
[22]	Kawade, V.B., Bichile, G.K. and Jadhav, K.M. (2000) X-Ray and Infrared Studies of Chromium Substituted Magnesium Ferrite. Material Letters, 42, 33-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(99)00155-X
[23]	Arulmurugan, R., Jeyadevan, B., Vaidyanathan, G. and Sendhilnathan, S. (2005) Effect of Zinc Substitution on Co-Zn and Mn-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared by Coprecipitation. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 288, 470-477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.138
[24]	Goldman, A. (1990) Modern Ferrite Technology. Van No Strand Reinhold, New York.
[25]	Iqbal, M.J. and Siddiquah, M.R. (2008) Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Chromium Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nano Materials. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 453, 513-518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.105
[26]	Maaz, K., Mumtaz, A., Hasanain, S.K. and Ceylan, A. (2007) Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles Prepared by Wet Chemical Route. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 308, 289-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.06.003
[27]	Zhou, B., Zhang, Y.W., Liao, C.S., Yan, C.H., Chen, L.Y. and Wang, S.Y. (2004) Rare-Earth-Mediated Magnetism and Magneto-Optical Kerr Effects in Nano-Crystalline CoFeMn0.9RE0.1O4 Thin Films. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 280, 327-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.03.031
[28]	Zaki, H.M. and Dawoud, H.A. (2010) Far-Infrared Spectra for Copper-Zinc Mixed Ferrites. Physica B, 405, 4476-4479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2010.08.018
[29]	Kambale, R.C., Song, K.M., Koo, Y.S. and Hur, N. (2011) Low Temperature Synthesis of Nano Crystalline Dy3t Doped Cobalt Ferrite: Structural and Magnetic Properties. Journal of Applied Physics, 110, Article ID: 053910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3632987
[30]	Srivastava, M., Chaubey, S. and Ojha, A.K. (2009) Investigation on Size Dependent Structural and Magnetic Behavior of Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Methods. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 118, 174-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.07.023
[31]	Maensiri, S., Masingboon, C., Boonchom, B. and Seraphin, S. (2007) A Simple Route to Synthesize Nickel Ferrite (NiFe2O4) Nanoparticles Using Egg White. Scripta Materialia, 56, 797-800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.09.033
[32]	Srivastava, M., Ojha, A.K., Chaubey, S., Sharma, P.K. and Pandey, A.C. (2010) Influence of pH on Structural Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Ordered Phase Cobalt Doped Lithium Ferrites Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method. Materials Science and Engineering B, 175, 14-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2010.06.005