Organic Carbon Storage in Evergreen Oak Forest Ecosystems of the Middle and High Moroccan Atlas Areas

Mohamed Boulmane^1*, María del Carmen Santa-Regina², Mohamed Halim³, Abderrahim Khia⁴, Hayat Oubrahim³, Hassan Abbassi³, Ignacio Santa-Regina⁵

¹Forest Research Center, B.P. 763, Av. Omar Ibn Khattab, Agdal, Morocco.
²Faculty of Biology, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, C/Donantes de Sangre, s/n, Salamanca, Spain.
³Faculty of Sciences Mohamed V, Agdal, Morocco.
⁴Faculty of Sciences Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco.
⁵Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.

DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2015.53023                

Abstract

We report carbon stock in biomass, litter and soil estimated for six locations in natural Quercus ilex L. stands of the Middle and High Moroccan Atlas. Twenty trees at each location were selected according to their diameter classes and felled to measure the biomass of trunk, branches, twigs and leaves and determine allometric relationships. Soil was sampled in five depths (0 - 15, 15 - 30, 30 - 50, 50 - 70 and 70 - 100 cm) and litterfall production measured in all tree stands. The total carbon stock in above-ground biomass ranged between 17 Mg·ha^-1 in Aït Aamar stand (High Atlas) and 91 Mg·ha^-1 in Ksiba stand (Middle Atlas). Perennial organs (trunk, branches and twigs) stored over 95% of the tree carbon stock. Soil organic carbon concentrations ranged from 0.01% (in 70 - 100 cm in all stands) to 8.1% (in 0 - 15 cm in the Ajdir stand in Middle Atlas). The total organic carbon stock in the soil ranged between 141.4 t·ha^-1 in Ajdir and 24.6 t·ha^-1 in Asloul. The litter contained 0.2 Mg C ha^-1 in the clearing (C2) stand of High Atlas and 14.3 Mg C ha^-1 in (Ajdir) of carbon. The best fitted model for predicting carbon stock in tree biomass was obtained by applying the allometric equation Y = aX^b for each biomass fraction and stand, where Y is the aboveground biomass (dry weight) and X is the DBH (Mean diameter at breast height, 1.30 m). These previous data obtained in the present study confirm the important function of these natural forests as longterm C sinks, in forest biomass, litter and soil. The potential long term C storage of these systems is moderately high, especially in less-intensively managed forests that include large trees. The established relationship between DBH and carbon stock in different tree organs can be used for forest carbon accounting, and also synthesize available information on oak forest as a sink for atmospheric CO₂, and identify the management options that may enhance the capacity for C capture/ storage in forest soils.

Keywords

Allometric Methods, Bulk Density, Soil Organic Carbon, Vegetation

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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