Effect of Salinity on Germination, Seedling Growth and Acid Phosphatase Activity in Lettuce

Nawel Nasri^*, Issam Saïdi, Rym Kaddour, Mokhtar Lachaâl

Physiologie et Biochimie de la Tolérance au Sel des Plantes, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis, Tunisia.

DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.61007                

Abstract

The impact of salt stress (NaCl 100 mM) on two lettuce varieties Romaine and Vista was conducted at germination and early seedling stages. The seeds of lettuce varieties were provided by the Seed Laboratory of Tunisian Ministry of Agriculture. The seeds were germinated in Petri dishes with double filter paper in distilled water (control) or NaCl solution (100 mM) for 5 days. The result showed that salinity significantly affected percentage and rate of germination in Vista variety but 100% of germination was found in Romaine. Length and fresh weight of root and shoot were reduced significantly with salt treatment in two lettuce varieties. Regarding biochemical analysis, acid phosphatase activity in root increased in Romaine and decreased in Vista. In shoot, this activity showed no difference with the control in the two varieties. However in cotyledons, and during 24 hours after germination, salinity decreased acid phosphatase activity in both varieties whereas in the later hours (48 - 96 h) this activity reached the value of the control in Romaine and Vista.

Keywords

Acid Phosphatase, Germination, Lettuce, Salinity, Seedling

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Neumann, P.M. (1995) Inhibition of Root Growth by Salinity Stress: Toxicity or an Adaptive Biophysical Response? In: Baluska, F., Ciamporova, M. and Gasparikova, O., Eds., Structure and Function of Roots, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 299-304.
[2]	Yildirim, E., Dursun, A., Guvenc, I. and Kumlay, A. (2002) The Effects of Different Salt, Biostimulant and Temperature Levels on Seed Germination of Some Vegetable Species. Acta Agrobotanica, 55, 75-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2002.045
[3]	Khajeh-Hosseini, M., Powell, A.A. and Bingham, I.J. (2003) The Interaction between Salinity Stress and Seed Vigour during Germination of Soybean Seeds. Seed Sciences Technology, 31, 715-725. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2003.31.3.20
[4]	Almansouri, M., Kinet, J.M. and Lutts, S. (2001). Effect of Salt and Osmotic Stresses on Germination in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Plant and Soil, 231, 243-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010378409663
[5]	Baldwin, A.H., McKee, K.L. and Mendelssohn, I.A. (1996) The Influence of Vegetation, Salinity, and Inundation on Seed Banks of Oligohaline Coastal Marshes. American Journal Botany, 83, 470-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2446216
[6]	Ungar, I. (1996) Effect of Salinity on Seed Germination, Growth, and Ion Accumulation of Atriplex patula Chenopodiaceae. American Journal of Botany, 83, 604-607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2445919
[7]	Hampson, C. and Simpson, G. (1990) Effects of Temperature, Salt, and Osmotic Potential on Early Growth of Wheat Triticum aestivum. I. Germination. Canadian Journal of Botany, 68, 524-528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-072
[8]	Shannon, M.C. and Grieve, C.M. (1999) Tolerance of Vegetable Crops to Salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 5-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00189-7
[9]	Bohnert, H.J., Nelson, D.E. and Jensen, R.G. (1995) Adaptations to Environmental Stresses. The Plant Cell, 7, 1099-1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.7.7.1099
[10]	Yan, X., Liao, H., Trull, M.C., Beebe, S.E. and Lynch, J.P. (2001) Induction of Major Leaf Acid Phosphatase Does Not Confer Adaptation to Low Phosphorus Avaibility. Plant Physiology, 125, 1901-1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.125.4.1901
[11]	Ehsanpour, A.A. and Amini, F. (2003) Effect of Salt and Drought Stress on Acid Phosphatase Activities in Alfalfa Medicago sativa L. Explants under in Vitro Culture. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2, 133-135.
[12]	Hoehamer, C.F., Mazur, C.S. and Wolfe, N.L. (2005) Purification and Partial Characterization of an Acid Phosphatase from Spirodela oligorrhiza and Its Affinity for Selected Organophosphate Pesticides. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 90-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf040329u
[13]	Olmos, E. and Hellin, E. (1997) Cytochemical Localization of ATPase Plasma Membrane and Acid Phosphatase by Cerium Based in a Salt-Adapted Cell Line of Pisum sativum. Journal of Experimental Botany, 48, 1529-1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.8.1529
[14]	Nasri, N., Kaddour, R., Rabhi, M., Plassard, C. and Lachaal, M. (2011) Effect of Salinity on Germination, Phytase Activity and Phytate Content in Lettuce Seedling. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33, 935-942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0625-4
[15]	Rubio-Casal, A.E., Castillo, J.M., Luque, C.J. and Figueroa, M.E. (2003) Influence of Salinity on Germination and Seeds Viability of Two Primary Colonizers of Mediterranean Salt Pans. Journal of Arid Environments, 53, 145-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2002.1042
[16]	Saluja, D., Mihra, S., Lall, S. and Sachar, R.C. (1989) Regulation of Acid Phosphatase by Gibberellic Acid in Embryo-Less Half-Seeds of Wheat. Plant Science, 62, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(89)90182-9
[17]	Nasri, N., Kaddour, R., Mahmoudi, H., Baatour, O., Bouraoui, N. and Lachaal, M. (2011) The Effect of Osmopriming on Germination, Seedling Growth and Phosphatase Activities of Lettuce under Saline Condition. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 14366-14372.
[18]	Jeannette, S., Craig, R. and Iynch, J.P. (2002) Salinity Tolerance of Phaseolus Species during Germination and Early Seedling Growth. Crop Science, 42, 1584-1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.1584
[19]	Datta, J.K., Nag, S., Banerjee, A. and Mondal, N.K. (2009) Impact of Salt Stress on Five Varieties of Wheat Triticum aestivum L. Cultivars under Laboratory Condition. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 13, 93-97.
[20]	Gholamin, R. and Khayatnezhad, M. (2010) Effects of Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Stress on Two Cultivars of Wheat Triticum durum at Germination and Early Seeding Stages. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 9, 86-90.
[21]	Mostafavi, K. (2011) An Evaluation of Safflower Genotypes Carthamus tinctorius L. Seed Germination and Seedling Characters in Salt Stress Conditions. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6, 1667-1672.
[22]	Yildirim, E., Karlidag, H. and Dursun, A. (2011) Salt Tolerance of Physalis during Germination and Seedling Growth. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43, 2673-2676.
[23]	Gill, P.K., Sharma, A.D., Singh, P. and Bhullar, S.S. (2003) Changes in Germination, Growth and Soluble Sugar Contents of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench Seeds under Various Abiotic Stresses. Plant Growth Regulation, 40, 157-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024252222376
[24]	Nasr, S.M.H., Parsakhoo, A., Skandari, S., Gojani, H.J. and Koohi, S.K.S. (2012) Investigation of Salinity Tolerance in Dodonaea viscosa L. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 6, 31-36.
[25]	Ashraf, M. and Waheed, A. (1993) Responses of Some Local/Exotic Accessions of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) to Salt Stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 170, 103-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.1993.tb01063.x
[26]	Akbarimoghaddam, H., Galavi, M., Ghanbari, A. and Panjehkeh, N. (2011) Salinity Effects on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Bread Wheat Cultivars. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 9, 43-50.
[27]	El Naim, A.M., Khawla, E.M., Ibrahim, E.A. and Suleiman, N.N. (2012) Impact of Salinity on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of three Sorghum (Sorghum biolor L. Moench) Cultivars. Journal of Science and Technology, 2, 16-20.
[28]	Jain, A., Sharma, A.D. and Singh, K. (2004) Plant Growth Hormones and Salt Stress-Mediated Changes in Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase Activities in the Pearl Millet Seeds. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6, 960- 963.
[29]	Sharma, A.D., Thakur, M., Rana, M. and Singh, K. (2004) Effect of Plant Growth Hormones and Abiotic Stresses on Germination, Growth and Phosphatase Activities in Sorghum bicolor L. Moench Seeds. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3, 308-312.
[30]	Fincher, G.B. (1989) Molecular and Cellular Biology Association with Endosperm Mobilization in Germination Cereal Grains. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 40, 305-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.40.060189.001513
[31]	Dubey, R.S. and Sharma, K.N. (1990) Behaviour of Phosphatases in Germinating Rice in Relation to Salt Tolerance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 28, 17-26.