Assessing the Readability and Usability of Online H-E-L-P Intervention for IPV Survivors

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the readability and usability of an online HELP (Health, Education, and Legal Program) intervention for women experiencing IPV (Intimate Partner Violence) by asking graduate nursing students to review in class nine online HELP intervention modules. Design: A descriptive online survey administered to 15 graduate nursing students was used to assess the readability and usability of an online HELP intervention. Methods: Participants were asked to perform the following activities: 1) reading the nine HELP modules on PowerPoint as posted on Blackboard (a web-based course management program), 2) filling in five blank lines under each heading (HEALTH, EDUCATION, LEGAL, and PROGRAM), by writing words or terms on the line after each heading, 3) ranking the words within each heading (with #1 as the highest and #5 as the lowest), 4) engaging in a class discussion of the rationale for the ranking, 5) re-ranking, and 6) voting on the ranking. The results were compiled to yield a master rank and vote order for each heading between 12 (received 12 votes) and 15 (received 15 votes) of the words that were ranked #1. Results: The words that were ranked #1 under each heading and the number of votes received were: Under HEALTH: Depression (15), Anger (14), Anxiety (13), and Pain (12); EDUCATION: Safety (15), Injury (14), Social Support (13) and Parenting/Child Care (12); LEGAL: Protection from Abuse (15), Attorney (14), Court/Hearing (13), and Rights (12); PROGRAM: Internet (15), Online (14), Intervention (13) and Resources (12). Conclusions: HELP intervention is readable and usable however, HELP needs to be piloted to ensure that survivors of IPV participants can access and benefit from HELP intervention.

Share and Cite:

Constantino, R. , Hamdan-Mansour, A. , Henderson, A. , Noll-Nelson, B. , Doswell, W. and Braxter, B. (2014) Assessing the Readability and Usability of Online H-E-L-P Intervention for IPV Survivors. Open Journal of Nursing, 4, 150-157. doi: 10.4236/ojn.2014.43019.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Montalvo-Liendo, N., Wardell, D.W., Engebretson J. and Reininger, B.M. (2009) Factors Influencing Disclosures of Abuse by Women of Mexican Descent. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 41, 359-367.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2009.01304.x
[2] Saltzman, L.E., Fanslow, J.L., McMahon, P.M. and Shelley, G.A. (2002) Intimate Partner Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements, Version 1.0. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NCfIPaC.
[3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2008) Adverse Health Conditions and Health Risk Behaviors Associated with Intimate Partner Violence: United States, 2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 57, 113-117.
[4] Tjaden, P. (2005) Defining and Measuring Violence against Women: Background, Issues, and Recommendations. Statistical Journal of the United Nations, 22, 217-234.
[5] Bracken, M.I., Messing J.T., Campbell, J.C. and LaFlair, L.N. (2010) Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse among Female Nurses and Nursing Personnel: Prevalence and Risk Factors. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 31, 137-148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01612840903470609
[6] Campbell, J.C., Webster, D.W. and Glass, N. (2009) The Danger Assessment: Validation of a Lethality Risk Assessment Instrument for Intimate Partner Femicide. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 653-674.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260508317180
[7] Garcia-Moreno, C., Hansen, H., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L. and Watts, C. (2006) Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence: Findings from the WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence. Lancet, 368, 126-129.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69523-8
[8] Rennison, M. (2003) Intimate Partner Violence, 1993-2001. In: Statistics BoJ, (Publication No. NCJ 197838): US Department of Justice, Washington DC.
[9] Constantino, R.E. and Crane, P.A. (2013) Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks and Models for Understanding Forensic Nursing. In: Constantino, R.E., Crane, P.A. and Young, S.E., Eds., Forensic Nursing: Evidence-Based Principles and Practice, F A Davis, Philadelphia.
[10] Hardin, S.K.R. (2005) Synergy for Clinical Excellence: The AACN Synergy Model for Patient Care. Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury.
[11] Campbell, J.C. (2002) Safety Planning Based on Lethality Assessment for Partners for Partners of Batterers in Treatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 5, 129-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J146v05n02_08
[12] Campbell, J., Webster, D. and Glass, N. (2009) The Danger Assessment: Validation of a Lethality Risk Assessment Instrument for Intimate Partner Femicide. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 653.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260508317180
[13] Krug, E.G., Dahlberg, L.L., Mercy, J.A., Zwi, A.B. and Lozano, R. (2005) World Report on Violence and Health. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[14] Walker, L.E. (2000) The Battered Woman. Springer, New York.
[15] Curnow, S.A. (1997) The Open Window Phase: Help Seeking and Reality Behaviors by Battered Women. Applied Nursing Research, 10, 128-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0897-1897(97)80215-7
[16] Shearer, N.B.C., Fleury, J.D. and Belyea, M. (2010) Randomized Control Trial of the Health Empowerment Intervention. Nursing Research, 59, 203-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181dbbd4a
[17] Shearer, N.B.C. (2004) Relationships of Contextual and Relational Factors to Health Empowerment in Women. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 18, 357-370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/rtnp.18.4.357.64094
[18] Bracken, M., Messing, J., Campbell, J., La Flair, L. and Kub, J. (2010) Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse among Female Nurses and Nursing Personnel: Prevalence and Risk Factors. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 31, 137-148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01612840903470609
[19] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003) Costs of Intimate Partner Violence against Women in the United States. http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pub/ipv_cost.html
[20] Campbell, J. (2002) Safety Planning Based on Lethality Assessment for Partners of Batterers in Treatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 5, 129-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J146v05n02_08
[21] World Health Organization (2009) Reducing Violence through Victim Identification, Care and Support Programs. Violence Prevention: The Evidence.
[22] Coker, A.L., Smith, P.H., McKeown, R.E. and King, M.J. (2000) Frequency and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence by Type: Physical, Sexual and Psychological Battering. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 553-559.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.90.4.553
[23] USDHHS (2009) Healthy People 2020. US Department of Human and Health Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington DC.
[24] Sirio, C., Zimmerman, R., May, J. and Burns, H. (2004) Pennsylvania Partners in Pursuit of Good Health: Building a Shared-Responsibility Model for State Health Improvement. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 10, 26-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200401000-00006
[25] PA Department of Health (2001) State Health Improvement Plan Harrisburg, 2001-2005, 18-19.
[26] McFarlane, J., Malecha, A., Gist, J., Watson, K., Batten, E. and Hall, I. (2004) Increasing the Safety-Promoting Behaviors of Abused Women. American Journal of Nursing, 104, 40-50.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200403000-00019
[27] Crane, P. and Constantino, R. (2003) Is Email Interaction Feasible for Intervention with Women and Children Exposed to Domestic Violence? A Literature Review. Advanced Practice Nursing, 3, 1-16.
[28] Constantino, R., Crane, P. and Kim, Y. (2005) Effects of a Social Support Intervention on Health Outcomes in Residents of a Domestic Violence Shelter: A Pilot Study. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 20, 105-120.
[29] Holt, V.L. (2004) Civil Protection Orders and Subsequent Intimate Partner Violence and Injury. (No. NIJ 199722). National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice, Washington DC.
[30] Constantino, R., Crane, P.A., Noll, B.S., Doswell, W.M. and Braxter, B. (2007) Exploring the Feasibility of Email-Mediated Interaction in Survivors of Abuse. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 14, 291-301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01080.x
[31] Litz, B.T., Engel, C.C., Bryant, R.A. and Papa, A. (2007) A Randomized Controlled Proof-of-Concept Trial of an Internet-Based, Therapist-Assisted Self-Management Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1676-1684.
[32] Holt, V.L., Kernic, M.A., Lumley, T., Wolf, M.E. and Rivara, F.P. (2002) Civil Protection Orders and Risk of Subsequent Police-Reported Violence. American Medical Association, 288, 589-594.
[33] Tjaden, P. and Thoennes, N. (2000) Extent Nature and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence; Finding from the National Violence against Women Survey. (NCJ Report No. 181867). National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice, Washington DC.
[34] Noll-Nelson, B. (2011) Exploring the Feasibility of Smartphones as a Resource for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence. Open Journal of Nursing, 2, 112-135.
[35] Tiwari, A., Fong, D.Y.T., Yuen, K.H., Yuk, H., Pang, P., Humphreys, J. and Bullock, L. (2010) Effect of an Advocacy Intervention on Mental Health in Chinese Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA, 304, 536-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1052
[36] Hamdan-Mansour, A., Constantino, R., Shishani, K., Safadi, R. and Bani-Mustafa, R. (2012) Evaluating Psychological and Mental Consequences of Abuse among Abused Jordanian Women. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 18, 205-212.
[37] Hamdan-Mansour, A., Constantino, R., Farrell, M., Doswell, W., Gallagher, M.E., Safadi, R., Shishani, K. and Banimustafa, R. (2011) Evaluating the Mental Health of Jordanian Women in Intimate Partner Abuse. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 32, 614-623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2011.580494
[38] Hamdan-Mansour, A., Arabiat, D., Sato, T., Imoto, A. and Obiad, B. (2011) An Investigation into Marital Abuse and Psychological Wellbeing among Women in the Southern Region of Jordan. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 22, 265-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659611404424

Copyright © 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.