Ion Exchange Equilibrium between DOWEX 1X8 Resin Modified by Polyethyleneimine and Electrolyte Solutions

Chiraz Hannachi, Fatma Guesmi, Khaoula Missaoui, Hana Tounakti, Béchir Hamrouni

UR Traitement et Dessalement des Eaux, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Manar II, Tunisie.

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2013.511111                

Abstract

In order to improve the selectivity of anion exchange resin, the surface of gel type anion exchange resin was modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI). In the proposed work an attempt to the utilization of commercial anion exchange resin modified by adsorption of polyethyleneimine was investigated. Many conditions of modification of anion exchange resin surface were studied. The influent parameters on the DOWEX 1X8 resin modification were determined using a factorial experimental design. The ion exchange reactions were studied for modified and unmodified resin and electrolyte solutions containing Cl^-，NO₃^-，SO₄^2-. All experiments were performed at constant ionic strength I = 0.3 mol·L^-1 and constant temperature T = 298 K. Ionic exchange isotherms were established for the binary systems:Cl^-/NO₃^-，Cl^-/SO₄^2- and NO₃^-/SO₄^2-. The obtained results show that nitrate ion was more sorbed than chloride and sulfate. The order of preference for the anions studied in this investigation is:NO₃^->Cl^->SO₄^2-. All the results given by this resin were compared with those obtained with the AMX anion exchange membrane. Selectivity coefficients and thermodynamic constants for the three binary systems and for the two resins were determined. The modified resin became more selective towards monovalent anions.

Keywords

Resin; Modification; Polyethyleneimine; Factorial Design; Binary System Isotherm; Selectivity Coefficient

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Y. Mizutani, “Ion Exchange Membranes with Preferential Permselectivity for Monovalent Ions,” Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 54, No. 5, 1990, p. 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(00)80612-2
[2]	V. Suendo, M. Minagawa and A. Tanioka, “Bipolar Interface Formation of Cationic Characteristics in Aqueous Electrolyte Solution,” Langmuir, Vol. 18, 2002, pp. 62-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la011479r
[3]	V. Suendo, R. Eto and A. Tanioka, “Ionic Rectification Properties of a Bipolar Interface Consisting of a Cationic Surfactant and Cation-Exchange Membrane,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 250, No. 2, 2002, pp. 507-509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8343
[4]	T. Sata and R. Izuo, “Studies on Cation-Exchange Membranes Having Permselectivity between Cations in Electrodialysis,” Colloid and Polymer Science, Vol. 256, No. 8, 1978, p. 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01438033
[5]	A. Chapotot, V. Lopez, A. Lindheimer, N. Aouad and C. Gavach, “Mechanical Vapour Compression Desalination Plants—A Case Study,” Desalination, Vol. 101, No. 2, 1995, p. 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(95)00017-V
[6]	T. Sata and Y. Mizutani, “Modification of Properties of Ion Exchange Membranes. VI. Electrodialytic Transport Properties of Cation Exchange Membranes with an Electrodeposition Layer of Cationic Polyelectrolytes,” Journal of Polymer Science, Vol. 17, 1979, p. 1199.
[7]	T. Sata, “Electrodialysis Method to Permeate Lower... Presence of Water-Soluble Polymers,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 44, No. 3, 1973, p. 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(73)90315-9
[8]	K. Takata, Y. Yamamoto and T. Sata, “Modification of Transport Properties of Charged Layer on the Membrane Surface by Sulfonyl-Amide Bonding,” Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 69, No. 3, 1996, pp. 797-804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.69.797
[9]	T. Sata, Y. Ishil, K. Kawamura and K. Matsusaki, “Composite Membranes Prepared from Cation Exchange Membranes and Polyaniline and Their Transport Properties in Electrodialysis,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 146, No. 2, 1999, pp. 585-591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1391648
[10]	T. Sata, S. Ogura and F. Kishimoto, “Properties of Composite Membranes from Ion Exchange Membranes and Conducting Polymers. Change in Acid Transport,” Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 84, No. 3, 1993, p. 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(93)80021-O
[11]	T. Sata, “Relation of Electrical Potential Generation to Preparation Conditions of Composite Membranes,” Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 3, No. 5, 1991, p. 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00017a019
[12]	T. Sata, T. Funakoshi and K. Akai, “Preparation and Transport Properties of Composite Membranes Composed of Cation Exchange Membranes and Polypyrrole,” Macromolecules, Vol. 29, No. 11, 1996, pp. 4029-4035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma951543+
[13]	T. Sata, “Studies on Ion-Exchange Membranes with Permselectivity for Specific Membranes and Polypyrrole,” Macromolecules, Vol. 29, No. 11, 1996, pp. 4029-4035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma951543+
[14]	T. Sata, “Preparation of Redox Cell Properties of Cation Exchange Membrane Combined Anisotropically with Polypyrrole,” Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 66, No. 2-3, 1992, pp. 289-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(92)87018-S
[15]	Y. Berbar, M. Amara and H. Kerdjoudj, “Anion Exchange Resin Applied to a Separation between Nitrate and Chloride Ions in the Presence of Aqueous Soluble Polyelectrolytes,” Desalination, Vol. 223, No. 1-3, 2008, pp. 238-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.218
[16]	M. Amara and H. Kerdjoudj, “A Modified Anion Exchange Membrane Applied to Purification of Effluent Containing Different Anions. Pretreatment before Desalination,” Desalination, Vol. 206, No. 1-3, 2007, pp. 205-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.067
[17]	K. Matsusaki, O. Hashimoton, O. Kuroki, T. Sata, “Selectivity of Anion Exchange Resin Modified with Anionic Polyelectrolyte,” Analytical Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1997, pp. 345-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.13.345
[18]	M. Amara and H. Kerdjouj, “Moodified Cation Exchange Resin Applied to Demineralisation of a Liquid Industrial Waste. Comparison to a Classical Treatment and Electrodialysis,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 65, No. 1, 2002, pp. 59-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(02)00065-8
[19]	M. Amara and H. Kerdjouj, “Modification of the Cation Exchange Resin Properties by Impregnation in Polyethyleneimine Solutions: Application to the Separation of Metallic Ions,” Talanta, Vol. 60, No. 5, 2003, pp. 991-1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00155-3
[20]	M. Amara and H. Kerdjoudj, Journal de la Société Algérienne de Chimie, Vol. 95, 1999, p. 277.
[21]	F. Guesmi, Ch. Hannachi and B. Hamrouni, “Selectivity of Anion Exchange Membrane Modified with Polyethyleneimine,” Ionics, Vol. 18, No. 7, 2012, pp. 711-717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-011-0627-2
[22]	F. Guesmi, Ch. Hannachi and B. Hamrouni, “Modification of the AMX Membrane Surface: Temperature Dependence of Anion Exchange Equilibrium,” The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 91, No. 8, 2013, pp. 1465-1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.21744
[23]	D. P. Haaland, “Experimental Design in Biotechnology,” Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1989.
[24]	F. Guesmi, C. H. Hannachi and B. Hamrouni, “Effect of Temperature on Ion Exchange Equilibrium between AMX Membrane and Binary Systems of Cl-,NO3- and SO42- Ions,” Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 23, No. 1-3, 2010, p. 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2010.1837
[25]	R. Petrus and J. Warchol, “Ion Exchange between Clinoptilolite and Aqueous Solutions,” Microporous Mesoporous Mater, Vol. 61, No. 1-3, 2003, p. 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1387-1811(03)00361-5
[26]	Ch. Hannachi, M. Ben Sik Ali and B. Hamrouni, “Determination of the Selectivity Coefficient of CMX Cationic Membrane at Various Ionic Strengths,” Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 10, No. 1-3, 2009, pp. 47-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2009.725