R&D-marketing integration is an important factor of technological innovation success. This study explores the relationships among R&D-marketing integration, business performance, and social performance in the context of Chinese agricultural science and technology enterprises. The findings suggest that the integration of R&D-marketing has a positive effect both on business performance and social performance, and that business performance serves as a mediator in the relationship between the integration of R&D-marketing and social performance. This study provides empirical evidence for the research in the relationships between the integration of R&D and enterprise performance and contributes to the policy-making on the technological innovation.