Author(s)

Espen Gaarder Haug¹, Stéphane Wojnow²

¹Tempus Gravitational Laboratory, Ås, Norway.
²Independent Researcher, Limoges, France.

Based on recent progress in quantum gravity and quantum cosmology, we are also presenting a way to estimate the temperature in the cosmos, the Hubble sphere, from a relation between the Planck temperature and the Hubble scale. Our analysis predicts the Hubble sphere temperature of 2.72 K with the one standard deviation confidence interval between 2.65 K and 2.80 K, which corresponds well with the measured temperature observed from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) of about 2.72 K. This adds evidence that there is a close connection between the Planck scale, gravity, and the cosmological scales as anticipated by Eddington already in 1918.¹

CMB Temperature, Hubble Parameter, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, Planck Scale

Haug, E. and Wojnow, S. (2024) How to Predict the Temperature of the CMB Directly Using the Hubble Parameter and the Planck Scale Using the Stefan-Boltzmann Law. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 12, 3552-3566. doi: 10.4236/jamp.2024.1210211.