Author(s)

Miguel Socolovsky

Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México.

We review the concept of congruence of null geodesics, the Raychaudhuri equation for the expansion, its harmonic oscillator version and associated “quantum” propagator, the role of the equation in the derivation of the Penrose singularity theorem, the definition of trapped surfaces, and the derivation of the theorem itself.

Null Geodesics, Trapped Surfaces, Singularity Theorem

Socolovsky, M. (2022) Null Geodesics, Raychaudhuri Equation, Trapped Surfaces, and Penrose Singularity Theorem. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, 8, 536-557. doi: 10.4236/jhepgc.2022.83039.