The objective of this article is to critically review the effects of Resource Mobilization, Patriarchy System and Policy Implementation on Gender Mainstreaming. To effectively tackle gender inequalities, the structures and systems which act as root causes of gender inequality must be addressed. To do this, there should be the mainstream of gender concerns into all policies, programmes and service delivery. Gender Mainstreaming challenges decision-makers to question the assumption that policies and programmes affect everyone in the same way. Thus, the general objective of this article is to critically review the effect of resources mobilization, policy implementation gap and patriarchal ideology on gender mainstreaming. In order to achieve the intended goal, the reviewers critically and systematically reviewed different researches, articles and legal documents. Finally, the reviewers concluded that mainstreaming gender cannot possible without the prerequisites like sufficient resources mobilization, deconstructing the ideology of male domination and filling the policy implementation gap which is the common problem in Ethiopia.