Assessment of Impacts and Risks of Air Pollution Applying Two Strategies of Numerical Chemistry Transport Modelling

Adolf Ebel, Dimitris Melas, Kostadin Ganev, Manjola Banja, Ion Sandu, Elmar Friese, Theodoros Giannaros, Hermann J. Jakobs, Ioannis Kioutsioukis, Konstantinos Markakis, Michael Memmesheimer, Nikolai Miloshev, Victor Pescaru, Anastasia Poupkou

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DOI: 10.4236/jep.2012.31004                

Abstract

Assessment of harmful impacts and risks of air pollution in case of accidents as well as of long lasting exposition is an important challenge of chemical transport modeling. Sad confirmation of this statement unexpectedly has come from the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima which occurred while this paper was finalized. Two strategies to comply with the task of impact and risk assessment in extended regions like Central Europe or the Balkans are described. The first one is characterized by application of a single model system to an extended domain. The other one is based on the combined application of several chemical transport models designed for the use in various sub-domains in the region under consideration. Advantages and disadvantages exist for both approaches. For instance, the single model strategy allows unified and harmonized assessment of risks in a larger region, whereas the combined model strategy may pro-vide faster and locally more specific response in emergency cases. The single model approach is treated exploiting applications of the EURAD model system. The combined model approach is a novel way of joint use of chemical transport model systems developed for the Balkans. The models are described and the accuracy of simulations carried out with them is briefly demonstrated by comparison of simulated and observed concentrations of air pollutants. Applications regarding the search of sources for high pollution events and the assessment of risks through known sources are exem-plarily discussed.

Keywords

Air Pollution; Chemical Transport Modeling; Risk; Accidental Release; Emergency; BALKAN Model System; EURAD Model System

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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