Author(s)

Edson Hideaki Yoshida¹, Miriéle Cristina Ferraz¹, Natália Tribuiani¹, Renata Vasques da Silva Tavares¹, José Carlos Cogo², Márcio Galdino dos Santos³, Luiz Madaleno Franco⁴, Cháriston André Dal-Belo⁵, Rone A. De Grandis⁶, Flávia Aparecida Resende⁶, Eliana Aparecida Varanda⁶, Pilar Puebla⁷, Arturo San-Feliciano⁷, Francisco Carlos Groppo⁸, Yoko Oshima-Franco^1*

¹Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil.
²Serpentarium of the University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
³Post-Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Tocantins Federal University, Palmas, Brazil.
⁴Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil.
⁵Laboratory of Neurobiology and Toxinology, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil.
⁶Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.
⁷Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Salamanca University, Salamanca, Spain.
⁸Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.

Phenolic compounds from Dipteryx alata Vogel were assayed against the in vitro neurotoxic effect induced by Bothrops jararacussu (Bjssu) venom. Mutagenicity was assessed by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA97a, TA100, and TA102, in experiments with and without metabolic activation. Anti-bothropic activity was obtained by using mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) preparation and myographic technique. Control experiments with physiological Tyrode solution were used for keeping the PND preparations alive (n = 4). Concentrations of phe-nolic compounds were as follow: protocatechuic and vanillic acids (200 μg/mL, n = 4), vanillin (50 μg/mL, n = 4). These compounds were used alone or pre-incubated with the venom (40 μg/mL), 30 min prior the addition to the organ bath (n = 4). Phenolic compounds significantly inhibited the neuromuscular blockade of Bjssu in the following order of potency: vanillic acid > protocatechuic = vanillin. Vanillic acid added 10 min after the Bjssu venom was also able to avoid the venomblockade evolution. The mutagenicity assay indicated that all phytochemicals were unable to in-crease the number of revertants, demonstrating the absence of mutagenic activity. This study demonstrated both the safety and therapeutical potential of the three phenolic compounds as novel complementary anti-bothropic agents.

Ames Test, Baru, Bothrops jararacussu Venom, Vanillic Acid, Vanillin

Yoshida, E. , Ferraz, M. , Tribuiani, N. , Silva Tavares, R. , Cogo, J. , dos Santos, M. , Franco, L. , Dal-Belo, C. , De Grandis, R. , Resende, F. , Varanda, E. , Puebla, P. , San-Feliciano, A. , Groppo, F. and Oshima-Franco, Y. (2015) Evaluation of the Safety of Three Phenolic Compounds from Dipteryx alata Vogel with Antiophidian Potential. Chinese Medicine, 6, 1-12. doi: 10.4236/cm.2015.61001.