W. Walzer, “The Problem with Rural Bridges,” Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, IL, 1977.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Flexure-Compression Testing of Bridge Timber Piles Retrofitted with Fiber Reinforced Polymers

  AUTHORS: Pablo Caiza, Moochul Shin, Bassem Andrawes

  KEYWORDS: Bridges; Timber Piles; Eccentric Loading; Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.2 No.3, September 27, 2012

  ABSTRACT: The adequacy of using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) retrofit technique to restore the flexure-compression behavior of deteriorated bridge timber piles is examined experimentally in this paper. Sixteen specimens are tested monotonically under eccentric compressive loading. The specimens are first tested in their unretrofitted condition to determine their elastic properties. Each specimen is then cut and connected (posted) using the proposed FRP retrofit technique, and retested. The results show that the retrofitted specimens are capable of reaching same or higher strengths than that of the unretrofitted specimens with minimal reduction in their stiffness. Based on the experimental results, a design equation is presented to compute the volumetric ratio of FRP needed for retrofitting bridge timber piles under eccentric load.