G. L. Campbell, S. L. Hills, M. Fischer, J. A. Jacobson, C. H. Hoke, J. M. Hombach, A. A. Marfin, T. Solomon, T. F. Tsai, V. D. Tsu and A. S. Ginsburg, “Estimated Global Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis: A Systematic Review,” Bull World Health Organization, Vol. 89, No. 10, 2011, pp. 766-774, doi:10.2471/BLT.10.085233

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Binary Ethylenimine Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Virus Antigen Reveals Hemagglutination

  AUTHORS: Dong Kun Yang, Ha Hyun Kim, Jin Ju Nah, Kyoung Woo Lee, Jae Young Song

  KEYWORDS: Hemagglutination; JEV; BEI Inactivation

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Vol.2 No.3, September 28, 2012

  ABSTRACT: Severe climate change and global warming may impact significantly on vector-borne disease including Japanese encephalitis (JE) infection in human and animals. Thus, veterinary authority requires large quantity of diagnostic tools to survey vector-borne diseases. New producing method having a relation with JE antigen is needed to substitute conventional sucrose-acetone extraction method using suckling mouse. So, we developed new manufacturing method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was propagated in roller bottle containing Vero cell and inactivated with two kinds of inactivating reagents. Viability of the supernatant of bulk containing antigen was checked using Vero cell after inactivation. The supernatant did not show hemagglutination (HA) activity with goose erythrocytes. The antigen inactivated by binary ethylenimine (BEI) and concentrated by PEG precipitation method was found to be 2048 HA, but the antigen inactivated by 0.3% formaldehyde solution and concentrated by PEG precipitation method did not show HA titer. The antigen prepared from mice brain using sucrose-acetone extraction method showed 256 HA titer. This BEI inactivation method does not evoke animal welfare problem and can replace the conventional method that required biological hazardous reagents and suckling mice in preparing HA antigen. This new BEI inactivation method was safe in producing HA antigen against JEV in laboratory and can reduce environmental contamination of acetone.