Berger, J.L. (1990) The influence of the SPEED bracket’s self-ligating design on force levels in tooth movement: A comparative in vitro study. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 97, 219-228. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(05)80055-1

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: External apical root resorption and the release of interleukin-6 in the gingival crevucular fluid induced by a self-ligating system

  AUTHORS: Ryoko Kawashima-Ichinomiya, Masaru Yamaguchi, Yasuhiro Tanimoto, Masaki Asano, Kunihiko Yamada, Ryo Nakajima, Shoji Fujita, Kazutaka Kasai

  KEYWORDS: IL-6; Gingival Crevucular Fluid; External Apical Root Resorption; Self-Ligating Brackets

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Stomatology, Vol.2 No.2, June 12, 2012

  ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of external apical root resorption (EARR) and the release of interleukin (IL)-6 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in subjects treated with a low-force low-friction system. Sixty patients were assigned to two groups of thirty patients for each: one group received treatment with self-ligating brackets and the other with conventional ligated edgewise brackets. All patients were treated with extraction of the maxillary first premolars. The EARR of the maxillary central incisors was evaluated on the periapical radiographs and cephalograms, taken before and after orthodontic treatment. The GCF was also collected non-invasively from the mesial and distal sides of central incisors by using filter paper strips before and after orthodontic treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to determine the IL-6 levels in the GCF samples. A significant difference was found in the amount of EARR between the patients with self-ligating brackets and conventional brackets. The mean amount of EARR was significantly lower for self-ligating brackets than conventional brackets (p