Wiest, J.D. (1981) Precedence Diagramming Method: Some Unusual Characteristics and Their Implications for Project Managers. Journal of Operations Management, 1, 121-130.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-6963(81)90015-2

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: An Object-Oriented Algorithm for Flexible Construction Scheduling with Automated Task Splitting

  AUTHORS: José Antonio González-Fajardo, Jesús Nicolás Zaragoza-Grifé, Sergio Omar Álvarez-Romero

  KEYWORDS: Construction Scheduling, Project Scheduling, Precedence Diagram Method, PDM with Multiple Relationships, Activity Splitting, Partial Criticality, Object-Oriented Algorithm, Construction Management Software

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, Vol.14 No.1, December 31, 2025

  ABSTRACT: The Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) is widely used for modeling large and complex construction projects characterized by non-linear execution logic, overlapping activities, and multiple precedence constraints. Despite involving standardized and recurrent operations (e.g., formwork, reinforcement, concreting), construction schedules often exhibit highly complex logic that challenges traditional Critical Path Method (CPM) analysis. In particular, PDM networks with multiple relationships complicate critical path identification and float determination, while current commercial scheduling tools impose restrictive logic and limited support for activity splitting. This study proposes a novel object-oriented algorithm and a supporting software tool that integrates automated multi-activity splitting, unrestricted handling of precedence types, and segment-level criticality identification within a unified scheduling framework. The proposed approach transforms complex PDM networks into equivalent Finish-to-Start-based structures solvable using conventional forward and backward pass algorithms, while strictly preserving the original scheduling logic. Results demonstrate that the proposed method improves analytical transparency, scheduling flexibility, and precision in critical path and float analysis, including the identification of partially critical activity segments. The proposed framework provides project managers with a practical and scalable solution to optimize productivity and reduce project duration in complex construction scheduling scenarios.