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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.10.088

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Morphological, Elemental Composition and Structural Analysis of Novel Graphite/rGO Hybrid Synthesis via One-Pot Facile Hydrothermal

  AUTHORS: Muhammad Faizadmesa Allim, Mohd Asyadi Azam, Muhammad Kashfi Shabdin, Nur Ezyanie Safie, Muhammad Akmal Kosnan

  KEYWORDS: Graphite, Reduced Graphene Oxide, Graphite Hybrid, Hydrothermal, Waste Palm Kernel Shell

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, Vol.13 No.12, December 8, 2025

  ABSTRACT: This study reports a facile and novel synthesis of a graphite/reduced graphene oxide (graphite/rGO) hybrid material derived entirely from waste palm kernel shell (PKS). To the best of our knowledge, no previous work has successfully hybridized graphite and rGO from a common biomass precursor, nor established a clear analytical route to confirm their hybridization. In this work, PKS-derived graphite and rGO were physically integrated through a facile one-pot hydrothermal method, forming a well-bonded hybrid with enhanced interlayer compatibility. The hybridization was evidenced through energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental analysis, revealing an optimized carbon-to-oxygen ratio intermediate between that of pure graphite and rGO, confirming the synergistic bonding between sp2 and partially reduced sp3 domains. Morphological and structural characterization were also incorporated. This simple approach provides a sustainable and scalable pathway to develop carbon-based hybrid materials for advanced electrochemical applications such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitor due to the combined properties from both graphite and rGO attributes.