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https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274112159

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Isothermal Magnetostrictive Convection

  AUTHORS: George Samuel Levy

  KEYWORDS: Magnetostriction, CPT Symmetry, ExB Thermoelectric Effect, Convection, Spin Cross-Over

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol.13 No.10, October 29, 2025

  ABSTRACT: Stereo-magnetostrictive fluids convect under the influence of a magnetic field and gravity. When a field is applied to one side of a tubular loop containing such fluid, but not to the other side, the fluid convects isothermally. The process is analogous to thermal convection except that the field replaces the temperature difference between heat source and heat sink. Forces that may retard convection are either dissipative or conservative. Dissipative forces produced by viscosity and hysteresis are flow-velocity dependent. They can slow down convection but cannot stop it. They can also be reduced by increasing the dimensions of the system. Conservative forces such as magnetic potential do create a potential barrier, but this barrier does not help or hinder convection because the fluid gains as much energy descending it as it loses climbing it. The thermodynamic cycle shows that ambient heat is converted to mechanical energy, thereby decreasing the entropy of the surroundings. This phenomenon falls outside the framework of applicability of the second law, which, as specified by all H-theorems, is limited to systems that are time-reversal symmetric at the microscopic scale. A proposed experiment for testing this theory is expected to produce an observable convective flow of about 0.375 to 1 mm/sec with a 20 cm high device. The device produces maximum power when it operates at the thermodynamic threshold where the measure of asymmetry is matched to the measure of symmetry. Additional information generated by magnetic time-reversal symmetry breaking is accounted for by adding an anomalous term to conventional entropy.