TITLE:
Research Progress on the Functional Characteristics, Immune Regulation, and Clinical Significance of the FAT2 Gene in Human Diseases
AUTHORS:
Xiaoyue Deng, Weihua Hu
KEYWORDS:
FAT2, Atypical Cadherin, Tumor Immunology, Nervous System Diseases
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.13 No.8,
August
19,
2025
ABSTRACT: Background: FAT2 is a member of the atypical cadherin family, characterized by a large extracellular structure and PDZ-binding domains, and is involved in cell adhesion, polarity maintenance, and migration. Recent studies have revealed that FAT2 plays a key role in the development of multiple diseases, particularly tumors and neurological disorders. In various cancers, FAT2 mutations or expression changes are linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune microenvironment remodeling, and therapeutic response. In the nervous system, FAT2 is essential for synaptic integrity and motor function, with mutations associated with cerebellar ataxia and neurodegeneration. Due to its dual roles in tumor progression and immune regulation, FAT2 has attracted growing interest as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. This review summarizes the latest findings on the functional roles, regulatory pathways, and clinical significance of FAT2 in human diseases.