TITLE:
Comparative Analysis of Calorific Value and Fire Safety of Engineered Wood and Solid Wood for Interior Applications
AUTHORS:
Gladys Ama Quartey, Frederick Owusu Danso, Matthew Kwaw Somiah, John Frank Eshun
KEYWORDS:
Engineered Wood, Fuel Potential, Tieghemella heckeli, Plywood, MDF, Calorific Value
JOURNAL NAME:
Materials Sciences and Applications,
Vol.16 No.5,
May
28,
2025
ABSTRACT: Materials used for interior designs and works within buildings significantly influence fire safety. During a fire outbreak, these materials can either function as a barrier, slowing the spread or as a catalyst, accelerating the fire. Among these materials, the role of wood, including engineering wood products, is crucial due to its variable calorific value. This paper aimed to determine the differences in calorific values of three wood derivatives: natural wood (Tieghemella heckelii, commonly known as Makore), plywood, and medium-density fibreboard (MDF). The study employed an experimental research design to analyse the combustion properties of the three wood types. Measurements of their calorific values were made using an oxygen bomb calorimeter following ASTM standards. Tieghemella heckelii exhibited the highest calorific value (18.4622 MJ/kg) and lowest ash content (0.43% - 0.48%), making it the most energy-efficient but posing higher fire risks. Plywood demonstrated moderate calorific values (16.3076 - 16.8227 MJ/kg) and ash content (1.76% - 2.63%), providing a balance between efficiency and safety. MDF had the lowest calorific values (16.0921 - 16.3098 MJ/kg) and highest ash content (6.80% - 7.22%), making it less efficient as a fuel source but highly suitable for fire-safe interior applications. Moisture content varied, with MDF exhibiting the lowest levels, enhancing its stability in diverse conditions. The findings indicated that Tieghemella heckelii is better suited for energy-intensive applications, while plywood and MDF are more appropriate for interior designs prioritising fire safety. The results emphasise the need for material selection based on specific application requirements and compliance with fire safety standards.