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https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.3527

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Managing Heart Failure and Enhancing Quality of Life for Patients with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction

  AUTHORS: Sherin Mathew, Terry Oroszi

  KEYWORDS: Heart Failure, Pathophysiology, Etiology, Reduced Ejection Fraction, Preserved Ejection Fraction, Revascularization, CABG, Ventricular Remodeling, Myocardial Viability

  JOURNAL NAME: World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, Vol.14 No.12, December 24, 2024

  ABSTRACT: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively. Hypertension is a frequent contributing factor. The reduced cardiac output leads to fluid accumulation, causing respiratory distress and chest pain. Ejection fraction (EF), a measure of the left ventricle’s pumping capacity, is crucial in HF diagnosis. HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) is defined by an EF below 40%, often caused by coronary artery disease—approximately half of all HF patients present with HFrEF. The remaining cases encompass HF with mid-range EF (40% - 50%) or HF with preserved EF (HFpEF, EF ≥ 50%).