Junquera Rubio, C. (2023a). Los europeos descubren el Ártico y las costas septentrionales de América: Una visión general desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad. Caliope.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Violences Causing Negative Impacts in the Sahel Countries between the 19th and 21st Centuries

  AUTHORS: Carlos Junquera Rubio

  KEYWORDS: Sahel, History, Colonialism, Decolonization, Natural Violence, Ideological Violence

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Political Science, Vol.14 No.4, October 22, 2024

  ABSTRACT: The Sahel is a vast African region that has suffered from many forms of violence before, and after decolonization. These may be caused by nature (climate and drought, for example) or by human action: lack of political sensitivity, military dictatorships, the impact of various religions, etc. Traditional life changed rapidly with the presence of colonial powers, and since decolonization there have been no improvements for the population, except for those individuals who belong to the social elite. This essay deals with some of the forms of violence that have occurred in the Sahel in the last two centuries, but one of the most current forms of violence is not addressed: emigration from various Sahelian countries to Europe and other parts of the world, as this aspect would make this essay exceed its scope.