TITLE:
The Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity and Related Comorbidities among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Patients Attending the Same Clinics in Gaborone, Botswana
AUTHORS:
Jose Gaby Tshikuka, Matshwenyego Boitshwarelo, Shimeles Genna Hamda, Roy Tapera, Ngoyi Kashiba Zacharie Bukonda, Marie Esako Onokoko
KEYWORDS:
Overweight/Obesity, Related Comorbidities, HIV-Positive, HIV-Negative
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Infectious Diseases,
Vol.14 No.3,
August
2,
2024
ABSTRACT: Context: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps restore the health status of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Likewise, it increases the risk of overweight/obesity and related comorbidities among the recipients. In countries like Botswana where ±84% of PLHIV is on ART, the paucity of data comparing overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ART and HIV-negative patients may impede clinical and policy decision-making. This study sought to estimate and compare: i) the prevalence of overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ART and HIV-negative patients; ii) the prevalence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM)/coronary heart disease (CHD) between HIV-positive patients on ART and HIV-negative patients attending same outpatient departments of general clinics in Gaborone, Botswana. Patients and Methods: Five hundred eighty-one (581) outpatients were recruited in four major clinics of Gaborone, Botswana, between June and July 2019; 294 or 51% of them were HIV-negative and 287 or 49% were HIV-positive on ART. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and of HTN and DM/CHD were calculated and examined using stratified analysis. Subgroups were compared using Chi-square analysis with Yates correction or Fisher exact test and t-student test for continuous data. Results: Major findings after stratification of the study population by HIV status were: i) the prevalence of all categories of (BMI), including overweight/obesity, were comparable between HIV-negative-patients and HIV-positive. In fact, there were 24 (8.0%) cases of underweight among HIV-negative-Patients and 15(5%) cases among HIV-positive patients, p = 0.2; 145 (49%) HIV-negative-patients and 128 (45%) HIV-positive, p = 0.07 cases of normal weight; 72 (25%) HIV-negative-patients and 87 (30%) HIV-positive, p = 0.08, were overweight; 53 (18%) HIV-negative-patients and 57 (20%) HIV-positive, p = 0.12, were obese; 125 (43%) HIV-negative patients and 144 (50%) HIV-positive, p=0.06 were overweight/obese; ii) the prevalence of HTN and DM/CHD among HIV-positive-patients were significantly lower (p