TITLE:
Hematological Profile of Anemia in Hospitalized Cirrhotics in the Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit of the University Hospital Campus of Lome (Togo)
AUTHORS:
Laté Mawuli Lawson-Ananissoh, Lidawu Roland-Moïse Kogoe, Venceslas Debehoma Redah, Oumboma Bouglouga, Rafiou El-Hadji Yakoubou, Laconi Kaaga, Aklesso Bagny
KEYWORDS:
Anemia, Blood Count, Cirrhosis, Hepatitis B Virus, Togo
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Gastroenterology,
Vol.11 No.10,
October
28,
2021
ABSTRACT: Background: Anemia is multifactorial and very frequently observed in the evolution
of cirrhosis. Only biological investigations can clarify its mechanisms. Objective: To determine the frequency of anemia in cirrhosis patients and to identify the
different types of anemia encountered. Patients and Methods: Descriptive and analytical study based on the retrospective collection
of data was carried out over 12 months in the hepato-gastroenterology
unit of the University Hospital Campus of Lome (Togo). This study
included hospitalized cirrhotic patients with a complete medical file including
a blood count and presenting anemia. Results: During the study period,
we collected 253 cases of cirrhosis, of which 153 patients had anemia (60.5%);
there was a male predominance of 73.2%. The
mean age was 51 ± 13 years. The B viral origin of cirrhosis was
the most common (60.1%). Oedemato-ascitic decompensation (82.4%) and
hepatocellular carcinoma (34%) were the main complications. The Child-Pugh B score was the most represented (74.5%).
Hypochromic microcytic
anemia was noted (48.4%) followed by normochromic normocytic anemia
(46.4%); 82 patients (53.6%) had thrombocytopenia; pancytopenia was noted in 17
patients (11.1%). Hepatitis B virus was most commonly found with 50%
hypochromic microcytic anemia followed by 46.7% normochromic normocytic anemia
(p = 0.311). Hepatic encephalopathy was significantly more frequent in patients with
hypochromic microcytic anemia (45.5%) (p = 0.025);
hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly noted with 63.5% hypochromic microcytic anemia (p = 0.016). Child-Pugh C score with 47.4% hypochromic microcytic anemia was more frequent (p = 0.673). Conclusion: Hypochromic microcytic anemia was the most common type
of anemia noted in our study. Hepatic encephalopathy and hepatocellular carcinoma were the major complications of cirrhosis
significantly associated with the hypochromic microcytic anemia.