TITLE:
Bacterial Surface Layer Proteins: From Moonlighting to Biomimetics: A New Horizonto Lead
AUTHORS:
Nimisha Gaur, Ankit Sharma, Barkha Singhal
KEYWORDS:
Moonlighting, Biomimetic, Surface Layer Proteins, Self-Assembly, Nano-Biotechnology
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology,
Vol.9 No.8,
August
13,
2018
ABSTRACT: The landmark discovery of moonlighting proteins embarks the significant progress in understanding
the biological complexity and their closed-circuit analysis. The growing continuum in the
variety of moonlighting functions paved the way for further elucidation of structural-functional
aspects of protein evolution and design of proteins with novel functions. Currently,
the moonlighting functions in various adhesive properties of surface layer proteins,
an essential component of cell surface architecture of archaea and all phylogenetic
groups of eubacteria become more prominently recognized. The remarkable credentials
of surface layer proteins to self-assemble into supramolecular structures at nano-scale
dimension have been exploited for the production of smart biomaterials in the form
of biomimetics has been thrust area of research. The finely tuned topological features
in terms of shape, size, geometry and surface chemistry of surface layer proteins
are crucial for the production of biomimetics. The current developments of biomimetic
lipid bilayers and composite membranes find applicability in understanding the functional dynamism
of evolutionary relationship of bacterial cell envelopes and vaccine development,
drug development and drug delivery. Though the development of biomimetics embraces
fascination but faces with technological challenges. The plethora of literature
has been available for the moonlighting aspects and nano-technological applications
separately but none of the review describes towards the rhythmic transition from
moonlighting functions of surface layer proteins of bacteria to biomimetics development
and applications. Therefore, this review describes certain basic aspects of moonlighting
functions and their mechanism of action, surface layer proteins and their moonlighting
functions of commensal bacteria and their transition towards biomimetics. The recent
developments of biomimetics based on surface layer proteins have been summarized
and also posited different challenges and future prospects.