TITLE:
The Syhomy of the Genetic Code Is the Path to the Real Speech Characteristics of the Encoded Proteins
AUTHORS:
Peter P. Gariaev, Ekaterina A. Leonova-Gariaeva
KEYWORDS:
Genetic Information, Codons, Syhoms, Syhomy
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Genetics,
Vol.8 No.2,
June
12,
2018
ABSTRACT: The following is
the theoretical and experimental analysis of the role of the third nucleotide
in codons during protein biosynthesis. Its role is largely enhanced compared to
the existing understanding. Third nucleotide functionally and symmetrically
divides codon families in 32 synonyms and 32 SYnonymous-HOMonymous
hybrid codons—SYHOMs. Wherein, the syhoms
function is to initiate nonlocal ribosome analysis of mRNA, representing
real context in DNA language. Such analysis is a natural necessity for
selection of one amino acid from two different amino acids, and between amino
acids or a stop position, in situations when a ribosome interacts with syhom
codons which have dual coding. This was theoretically substantiated earlier[1] [2] [3]. Experimental work [4] confirmed this theory: It was
demonstrated that two different amino acids, selenocysteine and cysteine, are
coded by a single UGA-syhom-codon for Euplotes
crassus infusoria. This result does not call into question the dogma of
unambiguity of amino acids and stop position coding by the cells genome, but it
requires amendments to the existing model of
genetic coding. These amendments are based on an enhanced understanding of the
special linguistic/semantic role of the third nucleotide in codons and
on the acceptance of the idea of real, rather than metaphorical, textuality of
protein genes (mRNA). Such comprehension of the speech-similarity of genes
(mRNA) and the role that third nucleotide in codons plays in this, leads to a
simple statement about the quasi-consciousness (biocomputing) of the
protein-synthesizing-system and its ability to recognize the context (meaning)
of mRNA to make the correct choice of amino acids and stops in a syhom
situation, based on the meanings of gene texts (mRNA).