TITLE:
Paving the High-Way to Sustainable, Value Adding Open-Innovation Integrating Bigger-Data Challenges: Three Examples from Bio-Ingredients to Robust Durable Applications of Electrochemical Impacts
AUTHORS:
Salvadora Ortega-Requena, Serge Rebouillat, Fernand Pla
KEYWORDS:
Bio, Green, Sustainability, Bigger Data, Biomimetic, Artificial Intelligence, Synthetic Biology, Lipids, Oxidation, Antioxidants, Milk, Protein, Whey, Biopolymers, Electrochemical, Conductive
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology,
Vol.9 No.2,
April
27,
2018
ABSTRACT: A trilogy review, based on more
than 300 references, is used to underline three challenges facing 1) the supply of sustainable, durable and protected biosourced
ingredients such as lipids, 2) the accounting for valuable bio-by-products, such as whey proteins that have added-value potential removing their environmental
weight and 3) the practical reliable synthetic biology and evolutionary engineering that
already serve as a technology and science basis to expand from, such as for biopolymer
growth. Bioresources, which are the major topic of this review, must provide answers
to several major challenges related to health, food, energy or chemistry of tomorrow.
They offer a wide range of ingredients which are available in trees, plants, grasses,
vegetables, algae, milk, food wastes, animal manures and other organic wastes. Researches
in this domain must be oriented towards a bio-sustainable-economy based on new valuations
of the potential of those renewable biological resources. This will aim at the substitution
of fossil raw materials with renewable raw materials to ensure the sustainability
of industrial processes by providing bioproducts through innovative processes using
for instance micro-organisms and enzymes (the so-called white biotechnology). The final
stage objective is to manufacture high value-added products gifted with the right
set of physical, chemical and biological properties leading to particularly innovative
applications. In this review, three examples are considered in a green context open innovation
and bigger data environment. Two of them (lipids antioxidants and milk proteins)
concern food industry while the third (biomonomers and corresponding bioplastics
and derivatives) relates to biomaterials industry. Lipids play
a crucial role in the food industry, but they are chemically unstable and very sensitive
to atmospheric oxidation which leads to the formation of numerous by-compounds which
have adverse effects on lipids quality attributes and on the nutritive value of
meat. To overcome this problem, natural antioxidants, with a positive impact on
the safety and acceptability of the food system, have been discovered and evaluated. In the same
context, milk proteins and their derivatives are of great interest. They can be
modified by enzymatic means leading to the formation of by-products that are able
to increase their functionality and possible applications. They can also produce
bioactive peptides, a field with almost unlimited research potential. On the other
hand, biosourced chemicals and materials, mainly biomonomers and biopolymers, are
already produced today. Metabolic engineering tools and strategies to engineer synthetic
enzyme pathways are developed to manufacture, from renewable feedstocks, with high
yields, a number of monomer building-block chemicals that can be used to produce
replacements to many conventional plastic materials. Through those
three examples this review aims to highlight recent and important advancements in
production, modification and applications of the studied bioproducts. Bigger data
analysis and artificial intelligence may help reweight practical and theoretical
observations and concepts in these fields; helping to cross the boarders of expert
traditional exploration fields and sometime fortresses.