TITLE:
In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Bioactive Fractions Present in Meriandra dianthera, Aloe camperi and a Polyherb
AUTHORS:
Mussie Sium, Patrick Kareru, Beatrice Kiage-Mokua, Kaushal Sood, John Langley, Julie Herniman
KEYWORDS:
Anti-Diabetic, α-Glucosidase, α-Amylase, GC-MS, Essential Oils, Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
JOURNAL NAME:
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
Vol.8 No.3,
February
23,
2017
ABSTRACT: This paper reports the in vitro anti-diabetic profile of
certain medicinal plants traditionally used in Eritrea for the management of
type 2 diabetes. The crude methanolic extracts and fractions of Meriandra dianthera, Aloe camperi, a Polyherb and their fractions were investigated.
The in vitro screening of the crude
extracts has generally elicited a dose
dependent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activities. M. dianthera displayed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
(IC50: 0.074 ± 0.032 mg/mL) at the highest concentration tested
(0.800 mg/mL) relative to A. camperi,
the Polyherb and Acarbose (IC50: 0.37 ± 0.052, 0.56 ± 0.024 and 0.55
± 0.029 respectively). The α-glucosidase
inhibition activities of A. camperi and M. dianthera, except for the
Polyherb and Acarbose, were significantly different (P α-amylase inhibitions of M. dianthera, A. camperi, the Polyherb and Acarbose, at the highest
concentrations (0.800 mg/mL), were 78.3%, 15.9%, 16.4%, and 82.9% respectively. A. camperi and the Polyherb displayed lower α-amylase inhibitory activities (IC50: 1.72 ± 0.06 and 2.57 ± 0.07 mg/mL respectively) compared to
Acarbose and M. dianthera (IC50:
0.31 ± 0.01 and 0.43 ± 0.02 mg/mL respectively). For the α-amylase inhibition activity, even at lower concentrations (0.025
mg/mL), there were statistically significant differences (P in vitro anti-diabetic screening of the fractions, at 0.800 mg/ml,
displayed characteristic enzyme inhibition activities. Generally, the non-polar
fractions showed higher enzyme inhibitory activities compared to the polar
fractions. The most bioactive non-polar fractions, thus, were subjected to
GC-MS analysis and presented various essential oils, fatty acid methyl esters
(FAMEs) and benzoic acid derivatives in those plants.