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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: How Betula ermanii Maintains a Positive Carbon Balance at the Individual Leaf Level at High Elevations

  AUTHORS: Koichi Takahashi, Sohei Otsubo

  KEYWORDS: Leaf Mass per Area, Leaf Nitrogen, Photosynthesis, Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio, Stomatal Conductance

  JOURNAL NAME: American Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol.8 No.3, February 15, 2017

  ABSTRACT: Generally, plant species with shorter leaf longevity maintain a positive carbon balance by decreasing leaf mass per area (LMA) and increasing photosynthesis. However, plants at high elevations need to increase LMA against environmental stresses. Therefore, plants need to increase both LMA and photosynthesis at high elevations. To examine how deciduous plants maintain a positive carbon balance at high elevations, photosynthesis and related leaf traits for deciduous broad-leaved tree Betula ermanii were measured at three elevations. LMA was greater at middle and high elevations than at low elevation. Leaf δ13C was greater at higher elevations, and positively correlated with LMA, indicating greater long-term deficiency of CO2 in leaves at higher elevations. However, the Ci/Ca ratio at photosynthetic measurement was not low at high elevations. Nitrogen content per leaf mass and stomatal conductance were greater at higher elevations. Photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) did not differ among the three elevations. Photosynthetic rate showed a strong positive correlation with stomatal conductance on a leaf area basis (R2 = 0.83, P B. ermanii compensates the deficiency of CO2 in leaves at high elevation by increasing stomatal conductance, and maintains photosynthesis and PNUE at high elevation as much as at low elevation.