B. Carroll, “The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders,” Business Horizons, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 39–48, 1991.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Towards a More Business-Oriented Definition of Corporate Social Responsibility: Discussing the Core Controversies of a Well-Established Concept

  AUTHORS: Matthias S. Fifka

  KEYWORDS: Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Citizenship, Corporate Social Performance, Corporate Com-munity Involvement

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Service Science and Management, Vol.2 No.4, December 15, 2009

  ABSTRACT: The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been controversially discussed for over 50 years. Consequently, a wide variety of definitions and understandings of CSR have been developed throughout the decades. That has made it increasingly hard, or not to say impossible, to agree on a common perception of CSR. Concerning the various notions of CSR, four core controversies can be identified which revolve around certain elements of CSR: First of all, there is the underlying question if CSR is the business of business or if it is none of its business as Friedman has fa-mously argued. Second, should CSR contain legal obligations or is it a purely voluntary concept and, thus, ethical in nature? Strongly connected to that is the third controversy on whether CSR should be self-serving or if it has to be purely altruistic. Finally, there is widespread disagreement on the scope of CSR. Does it have a local, community-oriented focus or should it address concerns of a wider geographical scope? These controversies are analyzed and discussed here with the aim of developing a definition of CSR that does not remain confined to the academic world.