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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Usefulness of the SNR Using the Subtraction Method and Image Visibility Using the Howlett Chart Method in X-Ray Fluoroscopic System

  AUTHORS: Sadamitsu Nishihara, Yuki Yamashita, Naoki Kawai, Hideki Otsuka

  KEYWORDS: X-Ray Fluoroscopic System, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Howlett Chart, Visibility

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Medical Imaging, Vol.4 No.2, June 4, 2014

  ABSTRACT: X-ray fluoroscopy has been used not only for diagnoses but also for treatment, as in interventional radiology. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using the subtraction method, which is used in the quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment, and image visibility using the Howlett chart method in the fluoroscopic examination. The fluoroscopy unit has a detector with an image intensifier and a color liquid crystal display. A 2620 dosimeter and an ionization chamber were selected for the dose measurement. Fluoroscopic images for visual and physical evaluations were collected as dynamic data. The skin surface absorbed dose rates for each tube current were measured using a dosimeter. The SNR using the subtraction method and image visibility using the Howlett chart method were examined. The results from both indicate that as the SNR improves, visual evaluation increases, but the rate of increase gradually saturates. Therefore, physical and visual evaluations are possible with the SNR using the subtraction method and the image visibility using the Howlett chart method.