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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Complex Phenomenon of Corruption: An Empirical Analysis

  AUTHORS: Maria-Eleni Syrmali, George Sfakianakis, George Agiomirgianakis

  KEYWORDS: Corruption, Institutions, Governance, Economic Development

  JOURNAL NAME: Theoretical Economics Letters, Vol.13 No.7, December 28, 2023

  ABSTRACT: Corruption is a complex social, economic and political phenomenon, which exists in all countries. The structural characteristics of corruption differ between countries. The deeper roots of corruption depend on the individual conditions of each country, whereas they can be detected in bureaucratic tradition, economic development and social history, among others. At the policy level, the associated reform measures are inadequate if they are not supported by the appropriate institutional framework and good governance practices. However, in case policies that are applied in order to combat corruption fail, it evolves from occasional to endemic problems impeding the efforts to limit corruption. In addition, fragile institutional environments flourish the conditions strengthening systemic corruption, which has penetrated into the value system of societies.