TITLE:
Prostate Cancer, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC), Radium-223 Dichloride Injection for Bone Metastasized Prostate Cancer
AUTHORS:
Chamini Kumari Hemathilaka Wijelath Achchillage, Chuanchuan Ren
KEYWORDS:
Prostate Cancer, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Radium-223 Dichloride
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Cancer Therapy,
Vol.14 No.11,
December
20,
2023
ABSTRACT: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to
discuss the most important facts about prostate cancer, its treatments and
efficacy, the type of prostate cancer that does not improve with hormonal
therapy (Castration-Resistant
Prostate Cancer-CRPC), and the recently approved Radium-223 dichloride targeted
therapy for CRPC that has metastasized to bones. Prostate cancer is the third
most common malignancy diagnosed worldwide and the most common malignant
disease in men. Also, the incidence of prostate cancer varies between regions.
So it’s important to have a proper understanding of all above points to prevent
the further development and spread of cancer and improve the cure rate. Design: The paper begins by discussing what prostate cancer is, the risk factors,
clinical manifestations, and the treatments for prostate cancer. It covers the
clinical manifestations, pathology, screening (cancer biomarker Prostate
Specific Antigen, Digital Rectal Examination—DRE, prostate biopsy, and imaging)
and treatments for prostate cancer. The paper then delves into the main treatment methods for prostate cancer,
including how Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) differs from
normal prostate cancer after hormone suppression therapy. Additionally, it
discusses the effectiveness of the recently introduced Radium-223 dichloride
injection as a radiation-targeted
therapy for treating CRPC that has metastasized to bones. This section covers
the properties of radium-223 dichloride injection, its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, absorption and volume of
distribution, half-life, metabolism,
route of elimination, clearance, toxicity,
adverse effects, and mechanism of action at the tumor site. It also
discusses preclinical studies related to
radium-223 dichloride injection and its effectiveness in treating CRPC patients with bone metastasis. Conclusion: Prostate cancer is a common cancer that can be treated with surgery
or hormonal therapy. However, if the cancer progresses despite hormonal
therapy, Radium-223 dichloride injection can be used as a radiation target
therapy to treat patients with CRPC and symptomatic bone metastases. This
treatment kills tumor cells in bones and reduces associated pain with minimal
damage to surrounding normal tissue. However, the metastatic disease cannot be
cured and can only offer palliation for the patient. Suggestions: Based
on the facts, Radium-223 target therapy is effective in treating and providing
palliation for cancers. It is suggested to further develop the usage of
radiation target therapy and to test the safety and efficacy of more than 6 injections of Radium-223 dichloride and its combination with currently used chemotherapy drugs for bone metastasized CRPC.
This paper aims to contribute to future
research designs related to cancer therapies using radiation and to
design new studies and practical implementations, especially regarding the
usage of radium-223 dichloride.