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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Anatomical and Radiological Description of the Macaca fascicularis Spine in Comparison with the Human Spine

  AUTHORS: Anant Krishnan, Guneet Kaleka, Scott Emerson, Guy Sovak, Heather Simmons, Kevin Brunner, Dane Schalk, John Sledge, Amber Hoggatt, Shanker Nesathurai

  KEYWORDS: Macaca Fascicularis, Macaques, Spine Anatomy, Radiology, CT, Comparative Study, Computed Tomography

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Vol.12 No.12, December 6, 2022

  ABSTRACT: Background: This paper describes and displays the spinal radiological anatomy and associated pathology in a Macaca fascicularis and compares it to the spinal anatomy of humans. Animal models are commonly used in research. As compared to Macaca mulatta, the anatomy of M. fascicularis is less well described in the literature. Materials and methods: The authors anatomically reconstructed and reviewed the defleshed spine of a single adult M. fascicularis visually, radiographically, and with high resolution CT. Results: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 6 lumbar, 3 sacral, and 16 caudal vertebrae were identified. Similarities in the spine to humans were seen as well as differences such as the beaked anterior arch of C1, the anterior pointed lower lumbar vertebrae, the upward curved transverse processes, and presence of three sacral segments. Degenerative changes were seen at multiple locations similar to humans though most pronounced at T3-4. Conclusions: This paper addresses the normal spinal anatomy and degenerative changes in an adult M. fascicularis and compares it to humans.