TITLE:
Health Risk Assessment from Exposure to Heavy Metals in Surface and Groundwater Resources within Barkin Ladi, North Central Nigeria
AUTHORS:
Joyce Ayuba Ramadan, Ahmad Isah Haruna
KEYWORDS:
Health-Risk, Heavy Metals, Assessment, Carcinogenic, Non-Carcinogenic
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection,
Vol.7 No.2,
February
2,
2019
ABSTRACT: Concentration of heavy metals from surface and groundwater within the
communities were determined in order to assess the health risks linked to the
use/consumption of same. Furthermore, the cancer risk for adults in surface
water revealed medium to high cancer risk for arsenic (As); low to medium
cancer risk for cadmium (Cd) and very high cancer risk for chromium (Cr).
In addition, the cancer risk for adults in groundwater is as follows: high cancer
risk for As; low cancer risk for Cd and very high cancer risk for Cr while
that for children is very high cancer risk for As and Cr and then low cancer
risk for Cd. The findings from this research confirm that the inhabitants within
the study area are at direct health risk (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic)
due to the alternate use of surface and groundwater without any form of
treatment.