TITLE:
Role of ESR Pathway Genes in Breast Cancer: A Review
AUTHORS:
Deepak Kumar, Marilyn Rae Myers, Ussama Al Homsi, Valentin Ilyin
KEYWORDS:
Estrogen Signaling Receptor (ESR) Pathway, Breast Cancer, ESR Genes, Mechanistic Modeling, Integrated Study, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), PubMed, Literature Survey
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Breast Cancer Research,
Vol.7 No.2,
April
30,
2018
ABSTRACT: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in
women. Prognosis of breast cancer is often pessimistic because the tumors are
prone to metastasizing to the bone, brain, and lung. The estrogen signaling
receptor (ESR) pathway contains 39 main genes and proteins which makes it one
of the larger signaling pathways. Predominately this pathway and the proteins
within are involved in breast growth and development, making it a prospective area
of study for breast cancer. While the healthy ESR pathway has been constructed
and is well established, a mechanistic model of mutated genes of ESR pathway
has not been delved upon. Such mutated models could be utilized for selecting
combinational targets for drug therapies, as well as elucidating crosstalk between
other pathways and feedback mechanisms. To construct the mutated models of the
ESR pathway it is imperative to assess what is currently understood in the
literature and what inconsistencies exist in order to resolve them. Without
this information, a model of the ESR pathway will be unreliable and likely
unproductive. This review is the detailed literature survey of the biological
studies performed on ESR pathways genes, and their respective roles in breast
cancer. Furthermore, the details mentioned in the review can be beneficial for
the integrated study of the ESR pathway genes, which includes, structural and dynamics
study of the genes products, to have a holistic understanding of the cancer
mechanism.